Question

define the following
1) mamluks
2)feudalism
3)jihad
4)commemorate
5)caliph

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave", also transliterated as Mameluke, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke, or marmeluke) is a term most commonly referring to non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and ...

2. the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labour, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

3. a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.

"he declared a jihad against the infidels"

the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.

noun: greater jihad; plural noun: greater jihads; noun: greater jehad; plural noun: greater jehads

4. recall and show respect for (someone or something).

"a wreath-laying ceremony to commemorate the war dead"

mark or celebrate (an event or person) by doing or producing something.

"the victory was commemorated in songs"

5. A caliph is a religious and civil leader in a Muslim country. ... Caliph comes from the Arabic word khalafa, meaning "successor" or "next in line." It was taken as a title by Abu-bekr, the first Islamic leader after the death of Mohammed, the prophet who founded the religion of Islam.

Hope this helps u

Answer 2

Answer:

1) Mamluk, also spelled Mameluke, slave soldier, a member of one of the armies of slaves established during the Abbasid era that later won political control of several Muslim states. Under the Ayyubid sultanate, Mamluk generals used their power to establish a dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria from 1250 to 1517.

2) the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labour, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

3) a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam.

4) recall and show respect for (someone or something).

5) the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924 by Atatürk.

Explanation:

hope it helps : )