define the following and distinguish between metals and non metals on the basis of each property[ malleability, ductility,electrical conductivity,lusture and sonority]
Answers
Answer:
Metals Non-metals
Metals: Metals are lustrous, sonorous, ductile, and are good conductor of heat and electricity.
Non-metals: Non-metals are no-lustrous, non-sonorous, non-ductile, and are bad conductor of heat and electricity.
Explanation:
Physical Properties
Property Metal Non-metal
Malleability Metals are malleable, i.e. they can be beaten into thin sheets. Non-metals are not malleable.
Conductivity Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. (exception: graphite)
Ductility Metals are ductile, i.e. they can be drawn into thin wires. Non-metals are not ductile.
Sonorous Metals are sonorous, i.e. they produce a typical metallic sound when hit with something. Non-metals are not sonorous.
Lustrous Metals have metallic shine; called lustre. Non-metals are usually dull. (exceptions: diamond and graphite)
Physical State Most of the non-metals are available as solid at room temperature; except mercury. Sodium and potassium are so soft that they can be cut with knife. Non-metals are available in all the three states of matter.
Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
Reaction with Oxygen
Metals react with oxygen to form metallic oxides. Metallic oxides are basic in nature.
Example: Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide. Iron oxide is brown in colour and is commonly known as rust.
Fe + O2 + H2O → Fe2O3
Example: Magnesium reacts with oxygen when it is burnt and forms magnesium oxide.
Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Example: When copper is exposed to moist air for a long time, it acquires a greenish coating; because of formation of copper hydroxide and copper carbonate. The green coat is a mixture of copper hydroxide and copper carbonate.
2Cu + H2O + CO2 + O2 → Cu(OH)2 + CuCO3
Non-metals also react with oxygen to make oxides. Oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature.
Example: Sulphur reacts with oxygen when it is burnt. It forms sulphur dioxide.
S + O2 → SO2
When sulphur dioxide is dissolved in water, it forms sulphurous acid.
SO2 + H2O → H2SO3
Reaction with water
Some metals react vigorously with water, while some others do not react at all with water.
Example: Sodium is a highly reactive metal and reacts vigorously with water. This is a highly exothermic reaction. During this reaction; sodium catches fire because of too much heat being evolved. Due to this, sodium is stored in kerosene to prevent accidental fire.
Iron reacts slowly with water.
Copper does not react with water but reacts with steam.
Silver and gold do not react with water at any temperature.
Usually, non-metals do not react with water; but some non-metals react vigorously with air. Such non-metals are stored in water to prevent their reaction with air. For example; phosphorus is stored in water to prevent its reaction with air.
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Answer:
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