Define the following terms: a) Nitrogen Fixation b) Nitrification c) Ammonification d) Denitrification
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Answer:
a) Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixation is the process by whichnitrogen is taken from its stable gas form (N2) in air and changes into other nitrogencompounds (such as ammonia, nitrate andnitrogen dioxide) useful for other chemical processes.
b) Nitrification
The process by which bacteria in soil and water oxidize ammonia and ammonium ions and form nitrites and nitrates. Because the nitrates can be absorbed by more complex organisms.
c) Ammonification
Ammonification is the process by which the organically bound nitrogen of microbial, plant, and animal biomass is recycled after their death. Ammonification is carried out by a diverse array of microorganisms that perform ecological decay services, and its product is ammonia or ammonium ion.
d) Denitrification
The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds specifically : reduction of nitrates or nitrites commonly by bacteria (as in soil) that usually results in the escape of nitrogen into the air.
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Nitrogen fixation is a process by which molecular nitrogenin the air is converted into ammonia (NH. 3) or related nitrogenous compounds in soil. Atmospheric nitrogen is molecular dinitrogen, a relatively nonreactive molecule that is metabolically useless to all but a few microorganisms.
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.
Ammonification refers to any chemical reaction in which NH2 groups are converted into ammonia or its ionic form, ammonium (NH4+), as an end product. Bacteria and related microorganisms derive metabolically useful energy from the oxidation of organic nitrogen to ammonium.
Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate (NO3−) is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.