Define the following terms and give two examples in each case.
(a) Autotrophs
(b) Consumers
(c) Food chain
(d) Symbiosis
(e) Parasitism
(f) Predation
Answers
Explanation:
(a) autotrophs -
An autotroph or primary producer is an organism that produces complex organic compounds using carbon from simple substances such as carbon dioxide, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions.
plants, bacteria , etc
(b) consumer-
Consumer in a food chain are living creatures that eat organisms from a different population. ... Like sea angels, they take in organic moles by consuming other organisms, so they are commonly called consumers.
tigers, eagles, animals, etc
(c) food chain -
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at an apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species. A food chain also shows how organisms are related to each other by the food they eat. Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level.
(d) Symbiosis -
interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
ex :- rhizobium bacteria, coral reef
(e) parasitism -
an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.
ex :- cuscuta , tapeworm
(f) predators-
an animal that lives by killing and eating other animals : an animal that preys on other animals.
lions, eagles, tigers ,etc
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Autotrophs:
An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers.
Examples:
Algae,Cyanobacteria,Maize plant,Grass,Wheat,Seaweed,Phytoplankton etc.
Consumers:
A living thing that must eat other organisms to obtain energy necessary for life.
Examples:
There are four types of consumers: omnivores, carnivores, herbivores and decomposers. Herbivores are living things that only eat plants to get the food and energy they need. Animals like whales, elephants, cows, pigs, rabbits, and horses are herbivores. Carnivores are living things that only eat meat.
Food Chain:
A food chain only follows just one path as animals find food. eg: A hawk eats a snake, which has eaten a frog, which has eaten a grasshopper, which has eaten grass. A food web shows the many different paths plants and animals are connected. eg: A hawk might also eat a mouse, a squirrel, a frog or some other animal.
Symbiosis:
Symbiosis, any of several living arrangements between members of two different species, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Both positive (beneficial) and negative (unfavourable to harmful) associations are therefore included, and the members are called symbionts.
Example:
Examples of competition symbiosis include: Sea sponges and coral compete for food and marine resources. If the sea sponges have sole access to the resources, they will be successful – but the coral will die. A lack of coral negatively affects the reef, which means that sea sponges could die.
Parasitism:
Parasitism, relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.
Examples:
Examples of parasites are tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles.
Predation:
Predation is an interaction in which one organism, the predator, eats all or part of the body of another organism, the prey.
Example:
Examples of predator and prey are lion and zebra, bear and fish, and fox and rabbit.