Question

Define the following terms:

Cellular Respiration 

Photosynthesis

Hypotonic solution

Hypertonic solution

Endocytosis

Nucleoid

Nucleolus

Detoxification   

Membrane Biogenesis    

Chromosomes   

Chromatin

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Answer 1

Answer:

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION:A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION:A hypertonic solution is a particular type of solution that has a greater concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell.

ENDOCYTOSIS:Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

NUCLEOID:The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called genophore. In contrast to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

NUCLEOLUS:The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. Nucleoli also participate in the formation of signal recognition particles and play a role in the cell's response to stress.

Membrane Biogenesis:Membrane biogenesis is the process which involves the synthesis of cell membrane with the help of proteins and lipids. Endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the synthesis of these membranes. ... Membranes of the cell altogether are called as endomembrane system.

CHROMOSOMES:A chromosome is a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to prevent it from becoming an unmanageable tangle.

CHROMATIN:Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands; it is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus.

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Answer 2

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