Question

Define the following terms with examples-

(a) Standard bond enthalpy.

(b) Conjugate acid &base.

(c) Substitution reaction.

(d) Carnation property.

(e) Markonikov Rule.​

Answer 1

standard bond enthalapy :

standard bond enthalapay ( also known as bond energy) is defined as the amount of energy required to break one mole of the stated bond

Conjugate acid & base :

The conjugate base of a Brønsted-Lowry acid is the species formed after an acid donates a proton.

Substitution reaction :

A substitution reaction (also known as single displacement reaction or single substitution reaction) is a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group

Carnation Property:

_

Markonikov Rule :

Markovnikov's rule (Markovnikov addition): In an addition reaction of a protic acid HX (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, or hydrogen iodide) to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of HX becomes bonded to the carbon atom that had the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.

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