Question

define the law of segration and independent assortment

Answer 1

The principles that govern heredity were discovered by a monk named Gregor Mendel in the 1860s. One of these principles, now called Mendel'sLaw of Segregation, states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

Answer 2

$\bold{\huge{Define - }}$

$\textbf{Law \: of \: Segregation } -$
Mendel’s experiments with tall and dwarf pea plants showed that that traits may be dominant or recessive.

$\textsf{According \: to \: Mendels \: law \: of \: segregation - }$
The characteristics(traits) of an organism are determined by internal ‘ factors ’ which occure in pairs. Only one pair of such factors can represent in a single gamete.

When we cross F1 generation , then In the F2 generation we get 1 plant having TT, 2 plants having Tt , and 1 plant having tt .

So, the ratio will be – TT : Tt : tt = 1 : 2 : 1 .

$\textbf{Law \: of \: Independent \: Assortment } -$
The two pairs of contrasting characteristics chosen by Mendel were shape and colour of seeds were round-yellow seeds, and wrinkled-green seeds.

$\textsf{According \: to \: Mendels \: law \: of \: }$
$\textsf{Independent \: Assortment - }$
In the inheritance of more than one pair of traits in a cross simultaneously , the factors responsible for each pair of traits are disturbuted independently to the gamete.

When we cross F1 generation pea plants having round-yellow seeds and wrinkled-green seeds , then In the F2 generation we get round-yellow, round-green, wrinkled-yellow and wrinkled-green seeds.

So, the ratio will be 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 .

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