Question

define the term hybridisation with example.

Answer 1

Hybridization happens when atomicorbitals mix to form new atomic orbitals. The new orbitals havethe same total electron capacity as the old ones. The properties and energies of the new, hybridized orbitals are an 'average' of theoriginal unhybridized orbitals.The concept of hybridization was introduced because itwas the best explanation for the fact that all of the C - H bonds in moleculeslike methane were identical.
ExampleCarbon atoms naturally have electron configuration1s2 2s2 2p2.The four outermost electrons, i.e. those inthe 2s and 2p sublevels are available to form chemical bonds with other atoms.The 2s orbital is capable of holding upto two electrons, and there are three 2p orbitals, each capableof holding up to two electrons, which means the 2p orbitalscan hold up to six electrons.Individually, these electron orbitals look something like this. (Each is centered on carbon's nucleus and the p orbitals make angles of 90° with one another).

Answer 2

Hybridisation is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. Hybrid orbitals are very useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties. Although sometimes taught together with th
e valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, valence bond and hybridisation are in fact not related to the VSEPR model.