define the term orbital speed / velocity of the satellites . establish a relation for orbital velocity of a satellites orbiting very close to the surface of the earth . find the ratio of this orbital velocity and escape velocity ?
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- The orbital speed of the satellite depends on its altitude above the Earth. To maintain an orbit that is 35,786 km above the Earth, a satellite must orbit at the speed of about 11,300 km per hour. That orbital speed and distance permit the satellite to make one revolution in exactly 24 hours.
- To stay in orbit, a satellite has to travel at a very high velocity, which depends on the height. So, typically, for a circular orbit at a height of 300 km above the Earth's surface, a speed of 7.8 km/s (28,000 km/h) is needed. At this speed, the satellite will complete one orbit around the Earth in 90 minutes.
- Near the surface of the Earth, if air resistance could be disregarded, orbital velocity would be about eight kilometres (five miles) per second. The farther from the centre of attraction a satellite is, the weaker the gravitational force and the less velocity it needs to remain in orbit.
- Hence, the ratio of Escape velocity and Orbital velocity is 2 .
Explanation:
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