Define the terms Mineral and Mining.
2. What are the main uses of Manganese ore?
Mention the major states producing Bauxite in India
. Explain the meaning and importance of power resources in
India.
5. Explain the distribution of Petroleum in India.
5. Mention the Nuclear power stations in India.
7. Mention the main hydal power plants of Tamil Nadu.
Answers
Answer:
MINERAL - minerals are naturally - occurring inorganic substances with a definite and predictable chemical composition and physical properties.
MINING- mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit.
2) Four uses of manganese ore are follows :
(i) It is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry, used in the manufacturing of steel. Nearly 10 kg of manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel.
(ii) It is used to prepare alloys or mixture of different metals to acquire special properties for the minerals, e.g. ferro-manganese alloys.
(iii) It is used to make bleaching powder and insecticides.
(iv) It is used in manufacturing of batteries and for making paints.
Orissa is the largest producer of manganese followed by Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.Kendughar and Sundergarh of Orissa, Chhindwara and Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh and Shimoga of Karnataka are important areas of manganese mining.
3) There are large number of resources which generate the power. The important sources are Nuclear, Coal, Oil, Gas and solar energy. Today these are used for generating the electricity.
Its importance can be realized by the following facts :
1. Energy sector is very useful for the exploration of minerals.
2. It reduces the cost of production.
3. It is useful to reduce the dependence on imports.
4. It promotes the self reliance.
5. It is helpful in improving the environment.
6. It is very useful for industrialization.
7. It is very useful for the utilization of natural resources.
8. It is very useful for improving the agriculture sector.
Pakistan is facing the problem of energy crises and has taken various steps to solve this problem.
IMPORTANT POWER RESOURCES
1. Thermal Power Resources :-
Coal resources are sufficient in Pakistan. These are used in the iron and steel industry for generating the electricity. The coal resources are estimated more than 184 billion tonnes in Pakistan.
2. Coal Based Power Unit :-
The govt. is setting this unit to induct coal for industrial use. The import of machinery fr this unit is exempted from duties and taxes.
3. Oil :-
It used for getting power, light and heat. Its import is very expensive and it disturbs the balance of payment. The govt. is making sincere effort to attain the self sufficiently in oil.
4. Natural Gas :-
It is source of energy. It is consumed as a motive power. It is also used as a raw material in various industries. It is also used in domestic consumption.
5) Distribution of Petroleum:
1. The states of Maharashtra, Assam, Gujarat, and Rajasthan accounts for ninety percent of the country’s petroleum production.
2. The three main basins where petroleum is distributed are:
a. Cambay basin which lies in Gujarat
b. Upper Assam
c. Bombay High
3. The major oil wells in Upper Assam are found in Naharkatia, Moran, Digboi, Sibsagar, and Rudrasagar regions. It has to be noted that Digboi is the oldest oil field in India.
4. The major oil wells that are in the Cambay basin are Ankaleshwar, Kosamba, Dhalka, Nawagam, Mahasena, and Sobhasan.
5. Bombay High lies at distance of 167 km to the north west of Mumbai.
6. Besides the major basins, there are some other areas where we can find abundant petroleum reserve.
7. They are Ganga valley, Andaman Islands, Krishna-Godavari basin, Cauvery basin, Tripura-Nagaland belt, and Rajasthan.
Crude oil which is obtained from the reserves is refined to form petrol, diesel, kerosene, etc.,
Since petroleum is an exhaustible and non-replenishable mineral, it is our responsibility to use this wisely to achieve sustainable development.
6) The top seven nuclear power plants in India
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, Tamil Nadu.
Tarapur Nuclear Reactor, Maharashtra.
Kalapakkam Nuclear Power Plant, Tamil Nadu.
Narora Nuclear Reactor, Uttar Pradesh.
7) Hydro Stations
Kundah.
Kadamparai.
Erode.
Tirunelveli