define the terms protonema
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protonema is a leafy intermediate stage occuring in a group of bryophytes called mosses.They are formed by the germination of spores released by the sporophytic generation in mosses. Instead of the sporophyte directly giving into gametophyte the protonema gives rise to future gametophyte by giving rise to buds. protonema stage occurs only in mosses remember!!
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Hey answer is..
A PROTONEMA IS A THREAD LIKE CHAIN OF CELLS THAT FORMS THE EARLIEST STAGE OF IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. WHEN MOSS FIRST GROWS FROM THE SPORE, IT GROWS AS PROTONEMA WHICH DEVELOPS INTO A LEAFY GAMETOPHORE.
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A PROTONEMA IS A THREAD LIKE CHAIN OF CELLS THAT FORMS THE EARLIEST STAGE OF IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. WHEN MOSS FIRST GROWS FROM THE SPORE, IT GROWS AS PROTONEMA WHICH DEVELOPS INTO A LEAFY GAMETOPHORE.
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