Question

Define these terms:-
1. Decantation
2. Sublimation
3. Winnowing
4. Denitrification
5. Nitrification

Answer 1

1. Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures of immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a solid mixture such as a suspension
2. Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. ... The reverse process of sublimation is deposition or desublimation, in which a substance passes directly from a gas to a solid phase.
3. Winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from chaff. ... In its simplest form, it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff, while the heavier grains fall back down for recovery.
4. Denitrification is defined as the “microbial reduction of nitrate or nitrite coupled to electron transport phosphorylation resulting in gaseous N either as molecular N2 or as an oxide of N.” The key to denitrification as defined is the availability of the N oxides, nitrite (NO2−) or nitrate (NO3−), which are formed ...
5. Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate occurring in separate organisms or direct ammonia oxidation to nitrate in comammox bacteria. ... Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.

BONUS-----

DESERTIFICATION-The United Nations' official definition says desertification is land degradation in typically dry areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. ... Many things can cause desertification. Drought, overgrazing, fire, and deforestation can thin out vegetation, leaving exposed soil

Answer 2

$\huge\mathbb{ANSWER}$

1. Decantation is a process to separate mixtures by removing a liquid layer that is free of a precipitate, or the solids deposited from a solution. The purpose may be to obtain a decant (liquid free from particulates) or to recover the precipitate.
2. Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state.
3. Winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from chaff. It can also be used to remove pests from stored grain. Winnowing usually follows threshing in grain preparation.
4. Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.
5. Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate occurring in separate organisms or direct ammonia oxidation to nitrate in comammox bacteria. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification.

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