Question

Define transuonium and d-block elements Write to applications of of Lanthanoids and actinoids.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Transuranium elements are the elements with atomic numbers higher than uranium's atomic number.

The prefix ''trans'' means ''beyond'' so the transuranium elements are those with atomic numbers greater than 92. There are only 26 elements that fit into this category. Of these, the only elements that have been observed in nature are neptunium and plutonium, which have atomic numbers 93 and 94, respectively. The rest of them are made synthetically.

Explanation:

The elements in which last electron enters the d- subshell of the penultimate (second outermost) energy level are called d-block elements.  In other words, d- Block elements are the ones which in their elemental or compound forms have partially filled d- orbitals.  They comprise the central region of the periodic table having elements from group 3 to 12 (III B to VIII (8/9/10) and IB and IIB.

General valence shell electronic configuration is (n-1) d1-10 ns 1-2.  These elements show the properties of variable valency, colored ions, complex formation, paramagnetic behavior, catalytic ability and pronounced metallic character.

Lanthanides have been widely used as alloys to impart strength and hardness to metals.  The main lanthanide used for this purpose is cerium, mixed with small amounts of lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium.  These metals are also widely used in the petroleum industry for refining of crude oil into gasoline products.

The actinides are valuable primarily because they are radioactive.  These elements can be used as energy sources for applications as varied as cardiac pacemakers and generation of electrical energy for instruments on the moon. Uranium and plutonium have been employed in nuclear weapons and in nuclear power plants.

• Lanthanides and actinides are elements with unfilled f orbitals.
• Lanthanides are all metals with reactivity similar to group 2 elements.
• Actinides are all radioactive elements.
• Lanthanides are used in optical devices (night vision goggles), petroleum refining, and alloys.
• Actinides are found primarily in applications where their radioactivity can be used to power devices such as cardiac pacemakers.

Answer 2

Answer:

Trans-uranium elements are elements that have a molecular weight more than that of 92. 92 is the molecular weight of Uranium and the elements beyond Uranium are termed Trans-uranium elements. D - block elements are called as transition elements.

Application of Lanthanoids and Actinoids:

• Lanthanides find their use in optical devices,

• Petroleum refining

Actinides:

• These are generally radioactive.

• Actinides are used in the case of pacemakers of the heart.