define types of chromosomes.....
Answers
There are four main types of chromosomes: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric. Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of most living cells and consist of DNA that is tightly wound into thread-like structures.
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Answer:
Types of Chromosome
Based on the number of centromeres present
Monocentric: having only one centromereHolocentric: having diffused centromere and microtubules are attached along the length of a chromosome
Acentric: chromosome may break and fuse together to form a chromosome without a centromere. It cannot attach to the mitotic spindle
Dicentric: chromosomal aberration where chromosomes break and fuse together with two centromeres. They are also unstable as two centromeres tend to migrate to opposite poles resulting in fragmentation
Based on the position of the centromere
Telocentric: rod-like chromosome with centromere present on the proximal end. No ‘p’ arm (short arm) present. Telomeric chromosomes are not found in humans
Acrocentric: rod-like, centromere present at one end giving rise to one very short arm and an exceptionally long armSubmetacentric: L-shaped or J-shaped, with centromere near the centre of the chromosome giving rise to two unequal arms
Metacentric: V-shaped chromosomes with centromere in the middle giving rise to two equal armsGiant ChromosomesPolytene chromosomeBalbiani first discovered a structure in the nuclei of secretory glands of midgesPainter, Heitz and Bauer, rediscovered them in the salivary gland of Drosophila and recognised them as a chromosomeAlso known as Salivary gland chromosome