define what is life expectancy rate?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average (see below) time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age, and other demographic factors including gender. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth (LEB), which can be defined in two ways. Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of an actual birth cohort (all individuals born in a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts born many decades ago, so that all their members have died. Period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort[clarification needed] assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given year.[3]
National LEB figures reported by national agencies and international organizations for human populations are indeed estimates of period LEB. In the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, human LEB was 26 years; the 2010 world LEB was 67.2 years. For recent years, LEB in Eswatini (Swaziland) is about 49, while LEB in Japan is about 83. The combination of high infant mortality and deaths in young adulthood from accidents, epidemics, plagues, wars, and childbirth, particularly before modern medicine was widely available, significantly lowers LEB. For example, a society with a LEB of 40 may have few people dying at precisely 40: most will die before 30 or after 55. In populations with high infant mortality rates, LEB is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Because of this sensitivity to infant mortality, LEB can be subjected to gross misinterpretation, leading one to believe that a population with a low LEB will necessarily have a small proportion of older people.[4] Another measure, such as life expectancy at age 5 (e5), can be used to exclude the effect of infant mortality to provide a simple measure of overall mortality rates other than in early childhood; in the hypothetical population above, life expectancy at 5 would be another 65. Aggregate population measures, such as the proportion of the
Answer:
जीवन प्रत्याशा एक दी गयी उम्र के बाद जीवन में शेष बचे वर्षों की औसत संख्या है। यह एक व्यक्ति के औसत जीवनकाल का अनुमान है। जीवन प्रत्याशा इसकी गणना के इस मानदंड कि किस समूह का चयन किया जाता है पर बहुत अधिक निर्भर करती है। उच्च शिशु मृत्यु दर वाले देशों में जन्म के समय जीवन प्रत्याशा जीवन के पहले कुछ वर्षों में होने वाली उच्च मृत्यु की दर के प्रति अति संवेदनशील होती है। इन मामलों में, जीवन प्रत्याशा की गणना के लिए अन्य उपाय है कि इसे पाँच वर्ष की उम्र से मापा जाये जिससे शिशु मृत्यु दर के प्रभाव को अलग कर अन्य कारणों से हुई मौत के कारणों को उजागर किया जा सके।
