Question

Define Zollverein? class X

Answer 1

 Zollverein, German word for customs union, established by Prussia in the 19th century. In 1818 Prussia began trying to create a customs union that would include other German states. Central and southern German states feared Prussian domination and formed rival unions, but these unions had little success in attracting members. In 1834 Prussia formally established the Zollverein, and within seven years it included most of the German states. The Zollverein levied tariffs on goods coming into the member states and distributed the income from the tariffs among the states according to their populations. The economic cooperation that the Zollverein created among the German states paved the way for their political unification in 1871.

 

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Answer 2

The Zollverein ([ˈtsɔlfɛɐ̯ˌʔaɪn]) or German Customs Union was a coalition of Germanstates formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Organized by the 1833 Zollverein treaties, the Zollverein formally started on 1 January 1834. However, its foundations had been in development from 1818 with the creation of a variety of custom unions among the German states. By 1866, the Zollverein included most of the German states. The foundation of the Zollverein was the first instance in history in which independent states had consummated a full economic union without the simultaneous creation of a political federation or union.

This article is about the historical German customs union. For the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in Essen, see Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex.

German Zollverein, 1834–1919
Blue: Prussia in 1834
Grey: Areas included until 1866
Yellow: Austrian possessions outside the Zollverein
Red: Borders of the 1828
German Confederation

Prussia was the primary driver behind the creation of the customs union. Austria was excluded from the Zollverein because of its highly protected industry and also because Prince von Metternich was against the idea. By the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867, the Zollverein covered states of approximately 425,000 square kilometres, and had produced economic agreements with several non-German states, including Sweden-Norway. After the founding of the German Empire in 1871, the Empire assumed the control of the customs union. However, not all states within the Empire were part of the Zollverein until 1888. Conversely, Luxembourg was independent and not a state in the German Reich, it remained in the Zollverein until 1919.