definition
Acid
Acidic
Tas
Neutralisation
Salt
Indicator
Neutral
Answers
Pathwayz Logo, click to goto home page
Search tree
NEUTRALISATION
branch ACIDS & BASES
Coming from
ACIDS & BASES
Leading to
ACID & CARBONATE
ACID & BASE
ACIDS & METALS
Neutralisation
Neutralisation is a type of chemical reaction involving an acid and a base.
pathwayz-
Adding an acid to a base reduces the alkalinity of the solution. Adding a base to an acid reduces the acidity of the solution. In both cases this brings the pH closer to 7 (neutral)
If the right amount of acid / base is added the solution will be neutral (pH 7). An indicator can be used to show when the solution is neutral (e.g. universal indicator will turn green).
If excess acid is added the solution will become more acidic. If excess base is added the solution will become more basic.
What's going on
Acids release H+ ions in solution and this is what makes the solution acidic. Most bases (alkalis) will release OH- ions into solution and this is what makes the solution more basic. H+ and OH- ions will readily combine to form water which is neutral.
Neutralisation: H+ + OH- → H2O
The equation above only accounts for the H+ and OH- that are released by an acid / alkali. A base usually contains a metal ion and an acid always contains a non-metal ion. These metal & non-metal ions combine to forma salt. This means that an Acid-Base (neutralisation) reaction can be summarised as follows:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Note that both of the products formed (salt and water) are neutral. This is why the reaction is called a neutralisation reaction.
The name of the salt produced in a neutralisation reaction can be derived from the acid and base used. A base usually contains a metal and this forms the first part of the salts name. The acid will contain a non-metal ion that determines the second half of the name.
Hydrochloric acid always forms metal-chloride salts
Sulphuric acid always forms metal-sulphate salts
Nitric acid always forms metal-nitrate salts
For instance in a reaction between Sulphuric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide (base)...
Sulphuric acid + Sodium Hydroxide
1. Acid;-Acids are substances that taste sour and are corrosive in nature. It turns blue litmus paper to red. E.g.:-orange juice, curd, vinegar, hydrochloric acid etc.
2.Acidic;-having the properties of an acid, or containing acid; having a pH below 7.
3.Tas;-Total Analysis System (TAS) describes a device that automates and includes all necessary steps for chemical analysis of a sample e.g. sampling, sample transport, filtration, dilution, chemical reactions, separation and detection.
4. Neutralisation;- The reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water is known as a neutralization reaction. Acids and bases react with each other to nullify the effect of each other.
5. Salt;- The product that is formed after the neutralization process is called a Salt. The salt can have basic, acidic or neutral nature.
6. Indicator;- Substances that are used to indicate whether a substance is acid or a base are known as indicators. They change their colour on addition of a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance.
7. Neutral;-Substances which are neither acidic nor basic are called neutral. Solutions of substances that show different colour in acidic, basic and neutral solutions are called indicators. An acid and a base neutralise each other and form a salt.