Definition of group in group theory in chemistry
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A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of closure, associativity, the identity property, and the inverse property. The operation with respect to which a group is defined is often called the "group operation," and a set is said to be a group "under" this operation. Elements A, B, C, ... with binary operation between A and B denoted AB form a group if
1. Closure: If A and B are two elements in G, then the product AB is also in G.
2. Associativity: The defined multiplication is associative, i.e., for all A,B,C in G, (AB)C=A(BC).
3. Identity: There is an identity element I (a.k.a. 1, E, or e) such that IA=AI=A for every element A in G.
4. Inverse: There must be an inverse (a.k.a. reciprocal) of each element. Therefore, for each element A of G, the set contains an element B=A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=A^(-1)A=I.
A group is a monoid each of whose elements is invertible.
A group must contain at least one element, with the unique (up to isomorphism) single-element group known as the trivial group.
The study of groups is known as group theory. If there are a finite number of elements, the group is called a finite group and the number of elements is called the group order of the group. A subset of a group that is closed under the group operation and the inverse operation is called a subgroup. Subgroups are also groups, and many commonly encountered groups are in fact special subgroups of some more general larger group.
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