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Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization estimates the annual rate of deforestation to be around 1.3 million km2 per decade.
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What Is Deforestation? Definition, Causes, Consequences, Solutions
Last modified on 13thMay 2020
What is deforestation? What is the definition of deforestation and why is deforestation happening? Let’s figure out what are the causes and effects of deforestation, as well as what solutions can be adopted to stop it.
What Is Deforestation?
Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization estimates the annual rate of deforestation to be around 1.3 million km2 per decade.
Related: Why Are Forests So Important And What Can You Do To Help Protect Them?
The Causes of Deforestation: Why Is Deforestation Happening?
Multiple factors, either of human or natural origin, cause deforestation. Natural factors include natural forest fires or parasite-caused diseases which can result in deforestation. Nevertheless, human activities are among the main causes of global deforestation. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the expansion of agriculture caused nearly 80% of global deforestation, with the construction of infrastructures such as roads or dams, together with mining activities and urbanization, making up the remaining causes of deforestation.
a) Deforestation leads to the destruction of natural habitats of wild animals and leaves them with no place to live and reproduce. This makes animal species endangered and even causes their extinction.
b) As we know that plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis. Deforestation has increased the carbon dioxide level of atmosphere with resultant global warming. Green plants constitute the first trophic level of all food chains. They are also responsible for precipitation. Deforestation leads to the disturbed food chain and reduced amount of rainfall.
c) Plant roots hold the soil particles and prevent soil erosion. Deforestation led to soil erosion and wash off of soil in nearby water bodies has caused the flood in many rural areas thereby disturbing the agricultural practices. Likewise, villagers depend on food, wood, fuel, etc. Deforestation has reduced these resources and shelter less wild animals have become a serious threat for nearby villagers.
d) Since, urban population depends on rural population for food, timber and many other resources; deforestation has disturbed this supply chain. The increased natural calamities like the flood as well as global warming have created serious health and other related threats to them.