demographic and social consequences of rural urban migration of population in India
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Answer:
Migration refers to the movement of and humansettlements from the rural areas to the urban areas. Employment opportunities, higher standard of living, better facilities and infrastructure force people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas. Migration results in uneven distribution of opportunities. As people migrate from rural to urban areas, it results in benefits and problems for both the areas and people. The major consequences of rural-urban migration are:
• Demographic consequences: Migration results in the reorganisation and redistribution of the population within a country. It influences population growth, demographic structure and age and sex composition in both rural areas and cities. The population growth in the cities is one of the important results of rural-urban migration. The rural demographic structure will be badly affected by the age and skill of selective migration to urban areas. Actually, disparities in age and sex composition have been observed because of migration of people from Uttaranchal, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Eastern Maharashtra. Same is the case with the states that are the recipient of the migrants.
• Social consequences: Social consequences are the most visible effects of rural-urban migration. In reality, migrants act as means of social change in society. New ideas, technologies, attitudes and planning spread from the urban to rural areas because of them. It results in the mingling of people from varied cultures and beliefs. It results in the development of combined culture. It enables the people to break their constricted stereotypes and attitudes and widen their mental, emotional and psychological attitudes. But it also has severe negative consequences. It creates anonymity and obscurity. It produces a social emptiness and dejection, depression and gloom among people. It will finally culminate in anti-social activities like crime and drug abuse.