Demographic data is important for :
(A) Planning
(B) Implementation of state policies
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of these
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
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Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz
A, B, C. In the definition of epidemiology, “distribution” refers to descriptive epidemiology, while “determinants” refers to analytic epidemiology. So “distribution” covers time (when), place (where), and person (who), whereas “determinants” covers causes, risk factors, modes of transmission (why and how).
A, B, D, E. In the definition of epidemiology, “determinants” generally includes the causes (including agents), risk factors (including exposure to sources), and modes of transmission, but does not include the resulting public health action.
A, C, D. Epidemiology includes assessment of the distribution (including describing demographic characteristics of an affected population), determinants (including a study of possible risk factors), and the application to control health problems (such as closing a restaurant). It does not generally include the actual treatment of individuals, which is the responsibility of health-care providers.
A, B, D, E. John Snow’s investigation of cholera is considered a model for epidemiologic field investigations because it included a biologically plausible (but not popular at the time) hypothesis that cholera was water-borne, a spot map, a comparison of a health outcome (death) among exposed and unexposed groups, and a recommendation for public health action. Snow’s elegant work predated multivariate analysis by 100 years.
B, C, D. Public health surveillance includes collection (B), analysis (C), and dissemination (D) of public health information to help guide public health decision making and action, but it does not include individual clinical diagnosis, nor does it include the actual public health actions that are developed based on the information.
A. The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is use of an appropriate comparison group.