Question

Deposits found in the marine base ------------------------------
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Answer 1

Answer:

. Osmosis and diffusion

Answer 2

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Marine Deposits

bottom sediments of modern and ancient seas. They are more common than continental deposits, constituting more than 75 percent of the volume of the sedimentary shell of the earth’s continental crust. Marine deposits first formed when seas appeared in the Archean or even farther back in the geological past, about 3.5–4 billion years ago, and have continued to form throughout geological history. As a result of diagenesis, fossil marine deposits have been transformed into sedimentary rock. Marine deposits include most of the lime-stones, dolomites, marls, and siliceous rocks, a significant part of the clays and argillites, siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerates, and of the minerals, many iron and manganese ores, most of the phosphorites, and combustible shales. Many metamorphic rocks (gneisses, schists, and marbles) first accumulated as marine deposits.

The basic types of marine deposits—terrigenous, biogenic, chemogenic, and volcanogenic—as well as various combinations of these types, form from sedimentary material of various origins accumulating on the bottom of a body of water.

Different sediment formation conditions may exist simultaneously within particular sea basins depending on depth, distance from the shore, forms of bottom relief, currents, environmental conditions of sediment-forming organisms, and other factors; as a result different facies of marine deposits will develop. In the shallowest coastal zone, for example, terrigenous sands, pebbles, and shells accumulate through the action of waves; in calm sections and near the mouths of rivers, clays and silts are deposited. Shell and detrital biogenic limestone sediments and sands are common on submarine elevations and open shelves; clays and silts, sometimes rich in organic material, dominate in the basins of epicontinental seas; marly silt, lime mud, and siliceous ooze are encountered. Reefs of limestone or dolomite, often occurring in the midst of deep-sea deposits, are a special type of shallow-water marine deposit. Some sedimentary iron (oolitic) and manganese ores, bauxites, and phosphorites are also shallow-water marine deposits.