Question

Derive an expression for the UTP and LTP of Schmitt trigger.

Answer 1

In a Schmitt trigger, the voltages at which the output switches from +vsat to –vsat or vice versa are called upper trigger point (UTP) and lower trigger point (LTP). the difference between the two trip points is called hysteresis. ... The hysteresis voltage Vhys remains the same.
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Answer 2

The expression for UTP and LTP of Schmitt trigger is UTP = +V × R2 / (R1 + R2)  and LTP = -V × R2 / (R1 + R2)

• Schmitt trigger is a regenerative comparator that uses positive feedback and converts sinusoidal input into output of a square wave. Schmitt Trigger output swings at upper and lower threshold voltages which are the reference voltages of the waveform input.

• A UTP tigger stands for an upper trigger point and LTP stands for the lower trigger point. Hysteresis can be defined as if the output is lower when the input is greater than a certain chosen threshold (UTP). The output is high when the input is below a threshold (LTP); when the input is between the two then the output retains its current value.

• The expression can be dervied as -  

        UTP = +V × R2 / (R1 + R2)

        LTP = -V × R2 / (R1 + R2)