Biology, asked by oluwaseunadu25, 29 days ago

describe a new antimicrobial target site with the reason and biosynthetic mechanism

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Answered by poornigowda9111
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An important quality for an antimicrobial drug is selective toxicity, meaning that it selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host. Most antimicrobial drugs currently in clinical use are antibacterial because the prokaryotic cell provides a greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity, in comparison to fungi, parasites, and viruses. Each class of antibacterial drugs has a unique mode of action (the way in which a drug affects microbes at the cellular level), and these are summarized in Figure 1 above and Table 1 below ⬇️

Table 1. Common Antibacterial Drugs by Mode of Action

Mode of Action Target Drug Class

Inhibit cell wall biosynthesis Penicillin-binding proteins β-lactams: penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems

Peptidoglycan subunits Glycopeptides

Peptidoglycan subunit transport Bacitracin

Inhibit biosynthesis of proteins 30S ribosomal subunit Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

50S ribosomal subunit Macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidinones

Disrupt membranes Lipopolysaccharide, inner and outer membranes Polymyxin B, colistin, daptomycin

Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis RNA Rifamycin

DNA Fluoroquinolones

Antimetabolites Folic acid synthesis enzyme Sulfonamides, trimethoprim

Mycolic acid synthesis enzyme Isonicotinic acid hydrazide

Mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitor Mycobacterial ATP synthase Diarylquinoline

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