Describe about 3 extinct animals
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A nomadic bird that could reach speeds in excess of 60mph, the passenger pigeon was once across North America, from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast. At the height of their population they numbered up to five billion, making them the most populous species of bird on the planet.
That was until the arrival of Europeans, who hunted them on an industrial scale for cheap meat. Tens of millions were slaughtered each year and the last wild passenger pigeon was seen in 1901. Cincinnati Zoo was home to the last captive bird, Martha, which died exactly 103 years ago (September 1, 1914).
"Passenger Pigeons once migrated through Canada, the United States, and the Gulf of Mexico in numbers so huge that they darkened the sky," says the website of the American Natural History Museum. "One flock was described as 'a column, eight or ten miles in length... resembling the windings of a vast and majestic river.' In 1808, one flock of passenger pigeons in Kentucky was estimated at more than two billion birds. Today, they are extinct owing to a combination of results of human activity, including the destruction of their food sources, westward expansion, and overhunting."
Where it roamed: North America, to the east of the Rockies
Closest living relative: A genus of New World pigeons, of which there are 17 species.
2. Dodo
Perhaps the most famous extinct species, the dodo - endemic to Mauritius - was wiped out in just a few decades. The first recorded mention of the flightless bird was by Dutch sailors in 1598; the last sighting of one in 1662. It owes much of its fame to its appearance in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
On its website the Natural History Museum says: "Despite the abundance of the dodo on Mauritius during the 17th century, very little remains in museums as evidence of its existence. There are a few partial skeletons of the bird; a skull in Copenhagen, a beak in Prague, a foot at the Natural History Museum and a head and foot in Oxford. The one known complete stuffed bird was in the collection of John Tradescant who bequeathed it to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Here, the specimen was allowed to rot, so that by 1755 the directors of the Museum consigned it to the bonfire. It is thanks to the dedication of one curator from the Ashmolean Museum that the head and foot were saved and these are now in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History."
The most famous of all extinct animals CREDIT: SSPL/SCIENCE MUSEUM/SCIENCE & SOCIETY PICTURE LIBRARY
Where it roamed: Mauritius
Closest living relative: The Nicobar pigeon, found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
3. Western black rhinoceros
This subspecies of the black rhino once roamed sub-Saharan Africa, but fell victim to poaching. Its population was in the hundreds in 1980, fell to 10 by 2000, and just five a year later. Surveys in 2006 failed to locate any and it was declared extinct in 2011.
Where it roamed: The last survivors were found in Cameroon
Closest living relative: The black rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa, which is critically endangered.
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1. Chinese River Dolphin
Chinese River Dolphin also known as Baiji White Dolphin can only be found in the Yangtze River in China. These mammals could grow to eight feet long and weigh up to a quarter of a ton. They relied on echolocation to navigate and hunt for pray due to their tiny eyes and very poor eyesight. Living in the Yangtze for 20 million years, their numbers declined drastically from the 1950s onwards. As China industrialised, the river was used for fishing, transportation and hydroelectricity which had a huge effect on the mammals. Although not officially recorded as extinct, no one has seen a Yangtze River Dolphin since 2002.
2) Tasmanian Tiger
The Tasmanian Tiger was the largest carnivorous marsupial in modern times.
It is called the Tasmanian Tiger because of the stripes on its lower back.
Its scientific name is Thylacinus Cynocephalus, which comes from Greek, meaning “Dog Headed Pouched One”.
In 1986 it was declared that the Tasmanian Tiger had been extinct since 1936 after the last known individual had died in Hobart Zoo, Tasmania.
Some zoologists believe they are still alive due to droppings that were found but there have been no officially confirmed sightings.
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The Tasmanian Tiger is thought to have been the closest relative to the Tasmanian Devil.
These creatures were very shy and avoided humans so were not dangerous to us.
Their extinction was due to hunting by humans as well as competition with other small predators such as dingos. It is thought that the introduction of dogs by humans as well as human encroachment into their habitat also contributed to their decline.
3) Dodo
An extinct flightless bird that inhabited Mauritius, the Dodo was about one metre tall and may have weighed 10–18 kg. The only account we have of the Dodo’s appearance is through varied illustrations and written accounts from the 17th century so its exact appearance remains unresolved. It is presumed the bird became flightless due to the availability of abundant food sources (seeds, roots and fallen fruits) and a relative absence of predators. Dutch sailors first recorded a mention of the dodo in 1598. The bird was hunted to extinction by sailors and their domesticated animals, and invasive species. The last widely accepted sighting of a Dodo was in 1662.