Question

Describe about the achievements of three different cities of India in medieval period.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Answer:

The three major cities of India in the medieval period are-Surat, Hampi, and Masulipattanam.

Explanation:

1). Hampi

• The Krishna-Tungabhadra basin is home to this city.
• It served as the foundation of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336).
• The defensive walls were built without the use of mortar or cement and instead relied on interlocking to hold them together.
• It has beautiful arches, domes, and pillared rooms with sculptural niches.
• Temples have been the hub of cultural sports and devadasis (temple dancers) completed earlier than the deity, royalty, and hundreds withinside the many-pillared halls withinside the Virupaksha (a shape of Shiva) temple.
• Hampi fell into damage following the defeat of Vijayanagara in 1565 via way of means of the Deccani Sultans – the rulers of Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar, and Bidar.

2). Surat

• During the Mughal Empire, it was an emporium of western trade, along with Cambay (present Khambat).

• Surat served as a crossroads for trade with West Asia via the Ormuz Gulf. Surat is also known as the "Gateway to Mecca" since it is from here that many pilgrim ships depart for Mecca.

• Surat was home to Portuguese, Dutch, and English manufacturing and warehouses in the 17th century.
• Surat's textiles were known for their gold lace borders (zari), and they were popular throughout West Asia, Africa, and Europe.
• Factors contributing to the decline include a loss of markets and productivity, Portuguese control of maritime channels, and rivalry from Bombay, where the English East India Company relocated its headquarters in 1668.

3). Masulipatnam

• Located on the Krishna River's delta.

• Masulipatnam was under the jurisdiction of both the Dutch and English East India Companies.

• The Dutch constructed Masulipatnam's fort.

• To prevent commerce from slipping fully into the hands of the different East India Companies, the Qutb Shahi rulers of Golconda established royal monopolies on the sale of textiles, spices, and other goods.
• Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb seized Golconda in 1686-1687.
• As a result, European companies chose Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras as alternatives to Masulipatanam, which resulted in the loss of Masulipatanam's grandeur.