Question

Describe about the civil war in Russia.

Answer 1

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Your answer :
The historical importance of the role of the Soviet Union in the crushing fascism of the Second World War can not be overstated. That's why the annual commemoration of Victory Day, celebrated by Russians and friends of Russia around the world on May 9, is so significant.

The heroic sacrifice of the Russian and Soviet peoples for the victory over Hitler's war machine, the most powerful and invincible military force the world had seen until then, still remains prodigious more than seven decades later.

The cooperation between the capitalist West and the Communist East was possible against a threatening enemy of genocide, eager to kill and destroy
The American historian Peter Kuznick writes: "Until the D-day, June 6, 1944, the Soviet Union fought almost alone against the German army. Before the invasion of Normandy, the Red Army fought more than 200 enemy divisions, while the Americans and the British rarely faced more than 10. Germany lost more than six million people on the front from the east and about one million on the western front and in the Mediterranean. "

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Answer 2

Russian Civil War (1918–20), conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolsheviks government led by Vladimir I. Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies.

Seeds Of Conflict

Russia’s disastrous performance in World War I was one of the primary causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917 which swept aside the Romanov dynasty and installed a government that was eager to end the fighting. The Treaty of Brest-litovsk (1918) whereby Russia yielded large portions of its territory to Germany caused a breach between the Bolsheviks (Communist's) and the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, who thereupon left the coalition. In the next months there was a marked drawing together of two main groups of Russian opponents of Lenin: (1) the non-Bolshevik left, who had been finally alienated from Lenin by his dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and (2) the rightist whites, whose main asset was the Volunteer Army in the Kuban steppes. This army, which had survived great hardships in the winter of 1917–18 and which came under the command of Gen. Anton I. Denikin (April 1918), was now a fine fighting force, though small in numbers.

At the same time, the Western Allies, desperately pressed by a new German offensive in northern France in the spring of 1918, were eager to create another front in the east by reviving at least a part of the Russian army. In March 1918 a small British force was landed at Murmansk with the consent of the local soviet. On April 5 Japanese forces landed at Vladivostok, without any approval.

A further factor was the Czechoslovak Legion, composed of Czech and Slovak deserters from the Austro-Hungarian army, whom previous Russian governments had allowed to form their own units. In March 1918 the Bolshevik government agreed to let these units leave Russia by the Far East, but in May violent incidents took place during the evacuation, and on May 29 Leon Trotsky, commissar for war, ordered them to surrender their arms. They refused, defeated attempts of the local soviets to disarm them, and took control of the Trans-Siberian Railroads. In the vacuum created by this action, two anti-Bolshevik authorities appeared: the West Siberian Commissariat, of predominantly liberal complexion, based at Omsk; and the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, composed of Socialist Revolutionaries, based at Samaras.

These events caused the Moscow government to crack down heavily on non-Bolshevik socialists. The Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionary deputies were expelled from the central and local soviets and prevented from engaging in any organized political activity. Eventually, in September, the government proclaimed a campaign of “Red terror,” including shooting hostages and giving increased powers to the Cheka (political police) of summary arrest, trial, and execution of suspects.




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