Describe about the jallianwala bagh massacre
Answers
Explanation:
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. The civilians had assembled for a peaceful protest to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, and to honour the Sikh festival of Baisakhi.
The Jallianwalla Bagh is a public garden of 6 to 7 acres (2.8 ha), walled on all sides, with five entrances.[2]
On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and he banned all meetings; however this notice was not widely disseminated. This was the day of Baisakhi, an important Sikh festival, and many villagers had gathered in the Bagh to celebrate. On hearing that a meeting had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with troops from the British Indian Army.[3] Dyer and his troops entered the garden, blocking the main entrance behind them, took up position on a raised bank, and on Dyer's orders opened fire on the crowd for about ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted. The following day Dyer stated in a report to the General Officer Commanding that "I hear that between 200 and 300 of the crowd were killed. My party fired 1,650 rounds",[4] a number apparently derived by counting empty cartridge cases picked up by the troops afterwards.[5] The Hunter Commission report on the incident, published the following year by the Government of India, criticised both Dyer and the Government of the Punjab for failing to compile a casualty count, so quoted a figure offered by the Sewa Samati (a Social Services Society) of 379 identified dead,[6] with approximately 1,100 wounded, of which 192 were seriously injured.[7][8] The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 injured, with approximately 1,000 dead.
This "brutality stunned the entire nation",[9] resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general Indian public in the intentions of the UK.[10] The ineffective inquiry, together with the initial accolades for Dyer by the House of Lords, fuelled great widespread anger against the British among the Indian populace, later leading to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.[11]
Dyer was initially lauded for his actions in Britain and became a hero among many of the people who were directly benefiting from the British Raj,[12] for example, members of the House of Lords.[13] However he was widely criticised in the House of Commons and in July 1920 a committee of investigation set up by the British Parliament censured him. No penal or strict disciplinary action could be given because his actions had been approved of by his military superiors, but he was disciplined by being removed from his current appointment, turned down for a proposed promotion, and barred from further employment in India. This forced him to retire from the army, and he returned to England, where he died in 1927.[14][15][16]
Eminent author Rudyard Kipling declared at the time that Dyer "did his duty as he saw it".[17] This incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore (the first Asian Nobel laureate) to such extent that he stated that "such mass murderers aren't worthy of giving any title to anyone". The massacre, some historians have argued, caused a re-evaluation by the British Army of its military role, in which the new policy became minimal force whenever possible; however, later British actions during the Mau Mau insurgencies in Kenya have led Huw Bennett to question this school of thought.[18] The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control.[19] Some historians consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India.[20]
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Answer:
The jalli an jalli an wala Baghdad masscare is also known as Amritsar masscare took place on 13 April 1919 when a crowd of nonviolent protestor along with Baisakhi pilgrims who had gathered in Jallianwala bagh Amritsar punjab was fired upon by the troops of British Indian army under the command of colonel Reginald dyer.