describe about the unification of italy and Germany
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Answer:
Italy
The unification of Italy is the result of dedication, contribution and effort of three great leaders Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi.
During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. He formed the secret society called Young Italy. But both the uprising in 1831 and 1848 failed.
Even the ruling elites also wanted a unified Italy which would offer economic development and political dominance.
The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Chief Minister Cavour made a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the unification movement.
In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicily succeeded to drive out the Spanish rulers with the help of local people.
In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as king of United Italy.
Germany
The newly emerged middle class in Germany in 1848 tried to unite several German kingdoms which were suppressed by monarchies and large landowners into one nation state governed by an elected body. Prussia, a German kingdom, took the leadership in uniting various German states
unification of Germany
In the mid-1800s, nationalist feelings were strong and engraved in the hearts of the middle-class Germans. They all came united in 1848 to create a nation-state out of the numerous German States. But the monarchy and the military members got together to repress them and they gained support from the landowners of Prussia (the Junkers) as well. Prussia then became the leader of the German unification movement. Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck at that time was the architect of the process with support from the Prussian army and Prussian bureaucracy.
Process of unification of Germany
Nationalist sentiments were often organised by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe. This can be noted in the process by which Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states
Middle-class Germans tried to unite the different regions of German Confederation, but their plans were not took place due to actions of large landowners called Junkers of Prussia.
The unification process was concluded after Prussia won wars with Austria, Denmark, and France over seven years time.
In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was indicated the German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. Three wars over the span of seven years with Austria, Denmark and France ended in a Prussian victory. In Jan 1871, Prussian King William I was proclaimed German emperor.
More importance was given to modernising the currency, banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany.
unification of Italy
ITALY’s unification process was the work of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II, the 3 primary leaders.
Italy was divided into 7 states in which only the Sardinia-Piedmont region was ruled by the Princely House of Italy....
The northern region was controlled by the Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, the central region was governed by France’s Popes, and the southern region by Spain’s Bourbon kings.
With the secret societies founded by Mazzini, such as Young Italy and Young Europe, the unification of Italy began.
With his full tack of diplomacy with France, Count Cavour overcame the Austrians and liberated northern Italy.
Garibaldi defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain with his armed volunteers called red shirts, liberating the kingdom of two Sicilies.
The second victory of Emmanuel overcame the popes of France and liberated the southern area and completed the unification of Italy, and the Emperor of unified Italy was proclaimed.