Describe an activity to show the immiscibility property of a liquid.
Answers
Answer:
Activity:
Place a paper towel under the container.
Add 200 mL of water to the container.
Add 100 mL of cooking oil to the container.
Add 4-6 drops of food colouring to the mixture – do NOT stir.
What happens? Observe and record what you see.
After a few minutes, stir the beaker with a craft stick. Again, observe and record what you see.
What do you observe?
Oil and water are two liquids that are immiscible – they will not mix together. Liquids tend to be immiscible when the force of attraction between the molecules of the same liquid is greater than the force of attraction between the two different liquids. In simpler terms - like dissolves like! In the above case, water is referred to as a polar molecule whereas oil is non-polar.
Elements can bond together to form molecules by either sharing electrons between the elements or by one element donating electrons to another. To form water, the hydrogen atoms donate electrons (which have a negative electric charge) to the oxygen atom. This results in a slight positive charge on the hydrogen side of the molecule and a slight negative charge on the oxygen side (i.e. it forms a polar molecule with different charges at each end). In oil, the electrons are shared and distributed evenly throughout the molecule, so there is no electrical charge at either end (a non-polar molecule).
Food colouring is water-based and is a polar molecule; therefore it will not dissolve in the oil. Initially, when food colouring is added to the container, the food colouring does not dissolve but forms spheres. This reduces the contact area between the colouring and the oil. Stirring the mixture allows the food colouring to come into contact with water - another polar molecule - so it dissolves in the water layer, as can be seen by the changing colour of the water.
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