Question

Describe an experiment to find the speed of light?​

Answer 1

The Fizeau experiment was carried out by Hippolyte Fizeau in 1851 to measure the relative speeds of light in moving water. Fizeau used a special interferometer arrangement to measure the effect of movement of a medium upon the speed of light.

Answer 2

Answer:

The speed of light was measured using the Foucault method of reflecting a beam of light from a rotating mirror to a fixed mirror and back creating two separate reflected beams with an angular displacement that is related to the time that was required for the light beam to travel a given distance to the fixed mirror.

In 1728 James Bradley made another estimate by observing stellar aberration, being the apparent displacement of stars due to the motion of the Earth around the Sun.  He observed a star in Draco and found that its apparent position changed throughout the year.  All stellar positions are affected equally in this way.  (This distinguishes stellar aberration from parallax, which is greater for nearby stars than it is for distant stars.)  To understand aberration, a useful analogy is to imagine the effect of your motion on the angle at which rain falls past you, as you run through it.  If you stand still in the rain when there is no wind, it falls vertically on your head.  If you run through the rain, it comes at you at an angle, and hits you on the front.  Bradley measured this angle for starlight, and knowing the speed of the Earth around the Sun, he found a value for the speed of light of 301,000 km/s.

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