describe any 4 powers of president of india
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describe any 4 powers of president of India
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Power of the president of India
- Art 53 of the constitution lays down that the executive power of the union shall be vested in the President. Thus making him the head of the executive.
- The President of India is an integral part of the Union Parliament. The Parliament cannot function without involving him. Because he alone can summon and prorogue the Houses of Parliament.
- The constitution vests the Supreme Command of the Defence Force in the President of India. As such he makes all important appointments in the Defence Force including the Chief of the three wings the Armed Force, the Air Force and the Naval Force.
- The President enjoys wide diplomatic powers or powers over foreign or external affairs.
- Besides the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by him. He is also empowered to transfer the judges of the High Courts or can remove any judge of Supreme Court or High Courts or an address by the Parliament.
- With regard to his powers in the field of finance the constitution provides that all money bills will need his consent to be initialed in the Lower House of Parliament. He causes the budget to be laid on the floors of Lok Sabha every financial year.
- The makers of the Indian constitution were influenced by the relevant provisions of the Government India Act, 1935 and-the Constitution of Weimer Republic of Germany where such provisions had been incorporated.
- The President of India under Article 352 can declare emergency at any time when he is satisfied that security of India or part thereof has been threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion.
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Executive Functions Of President Of India
Head Of Union
He is the head of the union executives. It means, all the executive powers are vested in him and he can use these powers directly or through the officers subordinate to him. He has the power to make laws and to conclude treaties and agreements.
Appointments
The president appoints the governors of the states, judges of the Supreme Court, and high court. He appoints the Auditor General of India and also many other officials like election commissions, finance commissions, governors of states, etc. The President appoints the inter-state council, administrators of union territories. He has the power to declare any area as a scheduled area.
He also appoints the National Commissions of:
Scheduled Castes
Scheduled Tribes
Other Backward Classes
Appointment Of PM And Ministers
The president appoints the Prime Minister of India and after that other council of ministers with the advice of the PM. This council is headed by the prime minister to aid and to give the advice to the president.
Can Ask To Prove Majority
The term of the union of a council of minister remains in power for five years after the appointment unless it dissolved earlier due to any reasons. During this period of time, the president must be satisfied that this council enjoys its confidence of the majority of the lower House. The President can ask the council to prove its majority in case of any doubt.
Supreme Commander
He has the power to declare the war as he is the supreme commander of the Indian armed forces. He can also conclude the treaties related to any situation of war.
Legislative Powers
The legislative power is vested in the Parliament. The President of India is the head of the Parliament. He facilitates the Law making process. He has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. A bill passed by both the houses can only become Act after receiving the assent of the President of India.
Read the article: How a bill becomes Act?
Part Of The Parliament Of India
The Parliament of India consists of the Upper house and lower house followed by the President of India. He is an integral part of the parliament. The President summons time to time for the sessions of the houses either jointly or separately. He can prorogue the houses of parliament or can also dissolve the Lok Sabha or lower house of parliament of India.
Summons For Joint Session
He can summons both the Houses of Parliament for joint sessions in the case of conflict between both the houses to pass any Bill.
Power In Respect Of Bill
When both the houses pass the Bill by the majority and send the Bill to the President of India for his assent, he can give his assent or withhold his assent and sent back the bill to the houses. But is both the houses pass the bill without any change, it will become obligatory to the President of India to give his assent.
Nomination
The President of India nominates the numbers of the member in both Houses of Parliament. The main purpose of the nomination is to ensure adequate representation in Parliament of all sections of the population which may not always be achieved through elections.
Power To Pass Ordinances
When both the houses of Parliament are not in session, the President of India can pass the Ordinances under article 123 of the Constitution of India. Such an ordinance has the same power as the Act of Parliament. After the opening of the session, the ordinance may be passed by both the houses to make it as Law.
Financial Powers
No money Bill can be introduced without the prior permission of the President of India. As indicated by the Constitution of India, the Annual Financial Statement is set by the President before both the Houses of Parliament. This announcement shows the evaluations of income and use of the focal Government for the following year. It might be called attention to that the proposition for tax collection and use can’t be made without the endorsement of the President.
No proposition for going through cash or raising incomes for reasons for government can be presented in Parliament without the past consent of the President.
Read the article: White-collar Crimes
Emergency Powers
There are three types of emergency given in the Constitution of India.
National Emergency (Art. 352);
State emergency (President Rule) (Art. 356);
Financial Emergency (Art. 360);
The Constitution of India empowers The President of India to proclaim the emergency.
Head Of Union
He is the head of the union executives. It means, all the executive powers are vested in him and he can use these powers directly or through the officers subordinate to him. He has the power to make laws and to conclude treaties and agreements.
Appointments
The president appoints the governors of the states, judges of the Supreme Court, and high court. He appoints the Auditor General of India and also many other officials like election commissions, finance commissions, governors of states, etc. The President appoints the inter-state council, administrators of union territories. He has the power to declare any area as a scheduled area.
He also appoints the National Commissions of:
Scheduled Castes
Scheduled Tribes
Other Backward Classes
Appointment Of PM And Ministers
The president appoints the Prime Minister of India and after that other council of ministers with the advice of the PM. This council is headed by the prime minister to aid and to give the advice to the president.
Can Ask To Prove Majority
The term of the union of a council of minister remains in power for five years after the appointment unless it dissolved earlier due to any reasons. During this period of time, the president must be satisfied that this council enjoys its confidence of the majority of the lower House. The President can ask the council to prove its majority in case of any doubt.
Supreme Commander
He has the power to declare the war as he is the supreme commander of the Indian armed forces. He can also conclude the treaties related to any situation of war.
Legislative Powers
The legislative power is vested in the Parliament. The President of India is the head of the Parliament. He facilitates the Law making process. He has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. A bill passed by both the houses can only become Act after receiving the assent of the President of India.
Read the article: How a bill becomes Act?
Part Of The Parliament Of India
The Parliament of India consists of the Upper house and lower house followed by the President of India. He is an integral part of the parliament. The President summons time to time for the sessions of the houses either jointly or separately. He can prorogue the houses of parliament or can also dissolve the Lok Sabha or lower house of parliament of India.
Summons For Joint Session
He can summons both the Houses of Parliament for joint sessions in the case of conflict between both the houses to pass any Bill.
Power In Respect Of Bill
When both the houses pass the Bill by the majority and send the Bill to the President of India for his assent, he can give his assent or withhold his assent and sent back the bill to the houses. But is both the houses pass the bill without any change, it will become obligatory to the President of India to give his assent.
Nomination
The President of India nominates the numbers of the member in both Houses of Parliament. The main purpose of the nomination is to ensure adequate representation in Parliament of all sections of the population which may not always be achieved through elections.
Power To Pass Ordinances
When both the houses of Parliament are not in session, the President of India can pass the Ordinances under article 123 of the Constitution of India. Such an ordinance has the same power as the Act of Parliament. After the opening of the session, the ordinance may be passed by both the houses to make it as Law.
Financial Powers
No money Bill can be introduced without the prior permission of the President of India. As indicated by the Constitution of India, the Annual Financial Statement is set by the President before both the Houses of Parliament. This announcement shows the evaluations of income and use of the focal Government for the following year. It might be called attention to that the proposition for tax collection and use can’t be made without the endorsement of the President.
No proposition for going through cash or raising incomes for reasons for government can be presented in Parliament without the past consent of the President.
Read the article: White-collar Crimes
Emergency Powers
There are three types of emergency given in the Constitution of India.
National Emergency (Art. 352);
State emergency (President Rule) (Art. 356);
Financial Emergency (Art. 360);
The Constitution of India empowers The President of India to proclaim the emergency.
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