Question

Describe any five features of caste system prevailing in india. (5 marks)

Answer 1

1. Segmental Division of Society:

The society is divided into various small social groups called castes. Each of these castes is a well developed social group, the membership of which is determined by the consideration of birth. The children belong to the caste of their parents.

2. Hierarchy:

Hierarchy is a ladder of command in which the lower rungs are encompassed in the higher ones in regular succession. The castes teach us a fundamental social principle of hierarchy.

3. Endogamy:

The most fundamental characteristic of the caste system is endogamy. All the thinkers are of the opinion that the endogamy is the chief characteristic of caste, i.e. the members of a caste or sub-caste should marry within their own caste or sub-caste. The violation of the rule of endogamy would mean ostracism and loss of caste. Although endogamy is the common rule for a caste, Anomie and Pratiloma marriage, i.e. hypergamy and hypogamy were also prevalent in exceptional cases.

4. Hereditary Status:

Generally speaking, the membership of a caste is determined by birth and the man acquires the status of a caste in which he is born. In this connection, Ketkar has written that the caste is limited to only those persons who are born as the members of that caste. Thus, membership in the caste is hereditary and once membership does not undergo any change even if change takes place in his status, occupation, education and wealth etc.

5. Hereditary Occupation:

The traditional caste system is characterised by hereditary occupation. Members of a particular caste are expected to follow the occupation meant for the caste. Traditionally a Brahmin was allowed to function as a priest. In some casts the name of caste is dependent upon the very occupation as for instance, Napita (barber), Dhobi, Mochi, Mali etc.

Answer 2

Explanation:

1)Division of Society into Segments:

Castes are a term for the different tiny social groups that make up society. Each of these castes has a sophisticated social structure, and birth determines who belongs to each caste. The kids are of the same caste as their parents.

2.Hierarchy

In a hierarchy, the lower rungs of the ladder of command are encircled by the upper ones in a set order. We learn a key social principle of hierarchy from the caste system.

3)Endogamy

Endogamy is the most essential aspect of the caste system. Endogamy, or the requirement that members of a caste or sub-caste marry only within that caste or sub-caste, is considered by all thinkers to be the primary attribute of caste. the breach Although endogamy is the norm for a caste, hypergamy and hypogamy, also known as Anomie and Pratiloma marriage, were nevertheless widespread in extraordinary circumstances.

4. Hierarchy status:

In general, a man obtains the status of the caste to which he is born, and caste membership is decided by birth. According to Ketkar's writings in this regard, a caste is exclusively comprised of those who are born into that caste. Thus, caste membership is inherited and cannot be changed, regardless of changes in a person's rank, employment, education, income, etc.

5) Hereditary occupation

Hereditary occupation is a characteristic of the traditional caste system. The occupation designated for their caste is expected of members of that caste. Historically, a Brahmin was permitted to serve as a priest. In some castes, such as the Napita (barber), Dhobi, Mochi, and Mali, the name of the caste is based on the occupation itself.

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