Describe any five kinds of Equality.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Civil Equality:
There is civil equality in the State when persons are subject to the same law in enjoyment of their various rights and liberties.
There can be no civil equality when law kames distinction between one individual and the other. Civil equality as a concept has been accepted in a democratic form of government.
It implies that all citizens should be treated alike in the matters of possession of their rights without any discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, caste or creed.
2. Political Equality:
Political equality implies that all citizens should have political rights and should have equal access to all offices of authority.
It means universal adult suffrage. It also implies rights to form political parties and contest in election. These rights are necessary in a democratic society.
3. Social Equality:
It means that all citizens are equally eligible to enjoy various opportunities in society it also implies absence of other privileges. Social equality is a difficult idea to attain. It cannot be enforced entirely by law. The Constitution of
India has accepted equality as a goal in its preamble. It has abolished untouchability by law. Though untouchability still exists in some part of the country in spite of legal prohibition, efforts are being made to ensure social equality.
4. Natural Equality:
Natural equality is another type of equality. It implies that all men are born free and equal and are endowed with equal gifts and talents. It also means that the State should try to reduce inequality, rather than perpetuate it.
The State should provide those social and economic opportunities that offer equal chances. Natural equality is rather an ideal and not an immediate reality. This ideal should be attained in a society as far as possible.
5. Economic Equality:
Economic equality, according to Lord Bryce, is “the attempt to expunge all differences in wealth, allotting to every man and woman an equal share in worldly goods.” It means that wealth should be enjoyed equally by all. It also implies abolition of poverty. The basic minimum of an individual should be fulfilled. If primary needs of an individual are not fulfilled, there cannot be real democracy. Political equality is said to be meaningless unless it is accompanied by economic equality.
In the communist countries, emphasis has been given on economic equality. In modern democracy, emphasis is also given on reasonable economic equality among the citizens. Accumulation of wealth has been considered to be a vice in recent times. Poverty amelioration programmes have been launched in India to bring the poor above poverty line.
Equality is an abstract concept. It has evoked tremendous response from the political philosophers and revolutionaries. Liberty and equality are related to each other. It is undoubtedly a very difficult concept to achieve.
The champions of democracy support the idea that equality is necessary but at the same time they consider it as an ideal only. Equality of status and opportunity which the Preamble of the Indian Constitution proclaims, is an ideal to which mankind is moving nearer. The obstacles on the path of equality are gradually removed. It is more realised today than it was realised in earlier times.
Answer:
There are different types of equality such as political, social, legal, natural, and economic equality.
POLITICAL EQUALITY
Political egalitarianism is where members of a society are of equal standing in terms of political power or influence. A founding principle of various forms of democracy, political egalitarianism was an idea which was supported by Thomas Jefferson and it is a concept similar to moral reciprocity and legal equality.
SOCIAL EQUALITY
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in possibly all respects, possibly including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and social services.
LEGAL EQUALITY
Equality before the law, also known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that each independent being must be treated equally by the law and that all are subject to the same laws of justice .
NATURAL EQUALITY
Natural equality implies that all men are born free and equal and are endowed with equal gifts and talents. It also urges the state to reduce inequality rather than perpetuating it. The state should promote those social and economic opportunities that offer equal scope.
ECONOMIC EQUALITY
Economic equality is the concept or idea of fairness in economics, particularly in regard to taxation or welfare economics.