describe any five social and political factors that led to the outbreak of the Revolutionary protest in France
Answers
The outbreak of revolutionary protest in France was a culmination of social, political, intellectual and economic factors.
(i) Louis XVI the king of France was autocratic, led a life of luxury, was inefficient and weak willed.
(ii) The social order of France was marked by gross inequalities. The clergy and nobility which formed the first two Estates were the privileged classes. They were exempt from payment of state taxes. The Third Estate formed the majority of the population was the unprivileged class bore the burden of taxes, with no political rights and social status. Hence, they were a profoundly discontented lot.
(iii) To add to the problem was the financial crisis that forced the situation. The treasury of the king was empty on account of long wars, involvement in the American War of Independence, luxurious living of the king and faulty system of taxation. The privileged estates that could pay would not pay. The already burdened Third Estate could not pay.
(iv) 18th century France witnessed a revolution in the realm of ideas. The philosophers refuted the theory of divine right of kings and absolute monarchy and proclaimed the doctrine of equality of man and sovereignty of the people. They played a vital role in exposing the evils of the old regime and focusing the discontent.
(v) In France the people had no share in decision making. The French Parliament known as the Estates General had not been convened for 175 years. Administration was corrupt, inefficient and disorganised.
Answer:
To meet the regular expenses of administration started taxing the Third Estate and even increased the taxes.
Explanation:
The circumstances that led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France were: Social inequality: French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, namely the clergy, the nobility and the third estates, made up of peasants, civil servants and small businesses . They were only third countries. pay the taxes. Clergy and nobility were exempt from taxes. Existential crisis: France's population also increased from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789.Now there was a great demand for edible grains. The price of bread has skyrocketed. Wages have not kept pace with rising prices. This led to an existential crisis. Economic problems: The long years of war had exhausted France's financial resources.France had a debt of more than £2 billion. In order to cover its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government agencies or universities, the state had to levy taxes. Strong Middle Class: The middle class emerged in the 18th century to be educated and wealthy. They believed that no group in society should be given privileges from birth. Philosophers proposed ideas of equality and freedom.The ideas of these philosophers were intensively discussed in salons and cafes and spread among the people. Immediate causes: On May 5, 1789, Louis XVI. convened a meeting of the States-General to approve proposals for new taxes. The third estates protested against this proposal, but since each estate has one vote, the king rejected this appeal. They left the meeting.
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