describe any four features of Federal government
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features of federal government are
a) In a federal state there are two sets of governments, one is called federal or central government, the other is provincial or Unit governments.The union of these two sets of governments makes what is called federation.Each governments is independent of the other in its own jurisdiction.The central and unit governments are constitutionaly equal in status and position:non s superior to other.
b) In a federation governmental powers are essentially distributed by the constitution between the Central government on the one hand and the unit government on the other.The details of division vary in different federations.But the principle folllowed in the division is that all matters which are primarily of common interest and require uniformity of regulation throughout the country such as foreign affairs,defence,currency and coinage are placed under the central government, and the resr is left to the Unit governments.
c) Federal system essentially implies the supremacy of constitution.A federal state derives its existence from the constitution;powers of both central and unit governments are delegated by the constitution.Wvery power whether of central or Unit governments is subordinate to, and controlled by, the constitution.For instance, in the united states neither the president nor the Congress nor the governer of New yorknor its legislature can legally exercise a single power which is inconsistent with the articles of the constitution.Every legislature existing under a federal constitution is merely a subordinate law-making body, whose laws are valid while within authority conferred on it by the constitution, invalid if they go beyond the limits of such authority.
d) To maintain in practice the supremacy of the constitution every federal state must have a supreme courrt.It interprets the constitution, decides disputes between center and province or provinces, or between different organs of government.It puts them in check, keeps them within their constitutional limits.
e) The federal constitution being a complicated contract and the supreme law of the land is essentially a written and rigid one.
f)In a federal state there exists some sort of double citizenship and allegiance.This means that a citizen has to show alllegiance both to the provincial and federal governments,
g)The central legislature under federal system is generally found bicameral on tha age old ground that the lower house enshrines the national idea and represents the nation as a whole and the upper house is enshrine federal idea and to represent the units as such.
a) In a federal state there are two sets of governments, one is called federal or central government, the other is provincial or Unit governments.The union of these two sets of governments makes what is called federation.Each governments is independent of the other in its own jurisdiction.The central and unit governments are constitutionaly equal in status and position:non s superior to other.
b) In a federation governmental powers are essentially distributed by the constitution between the Central government on the one hand and the unit government on the other.The details of division vary in different federations.But the principle folllowed in the division is that all matters which are primarily of common interest and require uniformity of regulation throughout the country such as foreign affairs,defence,currency and coinage are placed under the central government, and the resr is left to the Unit governments.
c) Federal system essentially implies the supremacy of constitution.A federal state derives its existence from the constitution;powers of both central and unit governments are delegated by the constitution.Wvery power whether of central or Unit governments is subordinate to, and controlled by, the constitution.For instance, in the united states neither the president nor the Congress nor the governer of New yorknor its legislature can legally exercise a single power which is inconsistent with the articles of the constitution.Every legislature existing under a federal constitution is merely a subordinate law-making body, whose laws are valid while within authority conferred on it by the constitution, invalid if they go beyond the limits of such authority.
d) To maintain in practice the supremacy of the constitution every federal state must have a supreme courrt.It interprets the constitution, decides disputes between center and province or provinces, or between different organs of government.It puts them in check, keeps them within their constitutional limits.
e) The federal constitution being a complicated contract and the supreme law of the land is essentially a written and rigid one.
f)In a federal state there exists some sort of double citizenship and allegiance.This means that a citizen has to show alllegiance both to the provincial and federal governments,
g)The central legislature under federal system is generally found bicameral on tha age old ground that the lower house enshrines the national idea and represents the nation as a whole and the upper house is enshrine federal idea and to represent the units as such.
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Federal Government' is a set of government in which powers are distributed between a central authority and various constitutional units.
The key features of a federal government are as follows:
(i) Two or more levels of Government: In a federal government there are two or more levels of government at the State, provincial and local levels. As an exception in India we have third level of government i.e., at the local level.
(ii) Constitutional Status : Federalism provides constitutional guarantees for the existence and authority of each tier of government. The jurisdiction of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
(iii) Independent Judiciary: Independent judiciary is the essence of federal government. Here courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of the different levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if a dispute arises between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
(iv) Financial Autonomy : In order to ensure financial autonomy federalism provides specified sources of revenue for each level of government. Every level is free in its own way to impose taxes and raise funds through remunerative enterprises.
In this way a 'federal government' has dual objectives i.e., to safeguard and to promote unity of the country by way of mutual trust and agreement to live together.
(v) Distribution of Powers: In federalism different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration
The key features of a federal government are as follows:
(i) Two or more levels of Government: In a federal government there are two or more levels of government at the State, provincial and local levels. As an exception in India we have third level of government i.e., at the local level.
(ii) Constitutional Status : Federalism provides constitutional guarantees for the existence and authority of each tier of government. The jurisdiction of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
(iii) Independent Judiciary: Independent judiciary is the essence of federal government. Here courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of the different levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if a dispute arises between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
(iv) Financial Autonomy : In order to ensure financial autonomy federalism provides specified sources of revenue for each level of government. Every level is free in its own way to impose taxes and raise funds through remunerative enterprises.
In this way a 'federal government' has dual objectives i.e., to safeguard and to promote unity of the country by way of mutual trust and agreement to live together.
(v) Distribution of Powers: In federalism different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration
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