describe any three problems of Indian Agriculture
Answers
The following points will highlight the seven major problems of Indian agriculture.
Problem # 1. Instability:
Agriculture in India is largely depends on monsoon. As a result, production of food-grains fluctuates year after year. A year of abundant output of cereals is often followed by a year of acute shortage.
This, in its turn, leads to price income and employment fluctuations. However, for the thirteen year, in successive (1987-88 to 1999-00) a normal monsoon has been observed.
Problem # 2. Cropping Pattern:
The crops that are grown in India are divided into two broad categories: food crops and non-food crops. While the former comprise food-grains, sugarcane and other beverages, the latter includes different kinds of fibres and oilseeds.
In recent years there has occurred a fall in agricultural production mainly due to fall in the output of non-food articles. Moreover rabi production has become as important as kharif production in the late 1990s. In 1999-2000, for example, of the total grain production of 209 mn. tones, rabi accounted for 104 mn. tones. This indicates a structural change in agricultural production.
Problem # 3. Land Tenure:
The land tenure system of India is also far from perfect. In the pre-independence period, most tenants suffered from insecurity of tenancy. They could be evicted any time. However, various steps have been taken after Independence to provide security of tenancy.
Problem # 4. Conditions of Agricultural Labourers:
The conditions of most agricultural labourers in India are far from satisfactory. There is also the problem of surplus labour or disguised unemployment. This pushes the wage rates below the subsistence levels.
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