Describe any two devices in a flowering plants which autogamy is prevented
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The devices that prevent autogamy (self-pollination ) in flowering plants are :
➡Dichogamy : Maturation of male and female reproductive organs at different times by which autogamy is prevented...
▶Protandry : Maturation of male reproductive organ i.e. stamens before the Maturation of female reproductive organ is called Protandry...
Example : Maize ...
▶Protogyny : Maturation of female reproductive organ i.e. carpel before the Maturation of male reproductive organ is called Protogyny...
Example : Banana...
➡Dicliny : Presence of unisexual flowers that prevents self pollination is called Dlicliny...
Example : Cucurbits..
➡Self - sterility or Self - incompatibility : Inability of pollen grains to germinate on the stigma of it's own flower is called Self sterility...
Example : Abutilon ...
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Autogamy can be defined as the following :-
1. It is also known as self-fertilization,
2. Its refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual.
3. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants.
4. Species of protists have also been observed using autogamy as a means of reproduction.
5. Flowering plants engage in autogamy regularly, while the protists that engage in autogamy only do so in stressful environments.
Two devices in a flowering plants which autogamy is prevented are as following :-
1. DIOECIOUS PLANTS :-
a) These plants are those plants in which the both male and female sexes. Both male and female plants may have flowers, but one will have “male” flowers and the other “female” flowers.
b). For example -holly, asparagus, dates, mulberry, ginkgo, persmimmons, currant bushes, juniper bushes, sago, and spinach.
c). Some fruit trees also require a nearby tree of the opposite sex for fruit to be produced. The tree that ultimately bears fruit will be the female one.
2. SELF - INCOMPATIBILITY :-
a). This is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing.
b). The self-incompatibility response is genetically controlled by one or more multi-allelic loci, and relies on a series of complex cellular interactions between the self-incompatible pollen and pistil.
c). Self-incompatibility functions ultimately to prevent self-fertilization, flowering plants have evolved several unique mechanisms for rejecting the self-incompatible pollen. d). The self-incompatibility system in the Solanaceae makes use of a multi-allelic RNase in the pistil to block incompatible pollen tube growth. In contrast, the Papaveraceae system appears to have complex cellular responses such as calcium fluxes, actin rearrangements, and programmed cell death occurring in the incompatible pollen tube.