Describe any two methods of Enzyme Immobilisation.
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Improvements in current strategies for carrier-based immobilisation have been developed using hetero-functionalised supports that enhance the binding efficacy and stability through multipoint attachment. New commercial resins (Sepabeads) exhibit improved protein binding capacity. Novel methods of enzyme self-immobilisation have been developed (CLEC, CLEA, Spherezyme), as well as carrier materials (Dendrispheres), encapsulation (PEI Microspheres), and entrapment. Apart from retention, recovery and stabilisation, other advantages to enzyme immobilisation have emerged, such as enhanced enzyme activity, modification of substrate selectivity and enantioselectivity, and multi-enzyme reactions. These advances promise to enhance the roles of immobilisation enzymes in industry, while opening the door for novel applications.
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Enzyme entrapment in electrically conducting polymers. Immobilisation of glucose oxidase in polypyrrole and its application in amperometric glucose sensors
Nicola C Foulds, Christopher R Lowe
Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 82 (4), 1259-1264, 1986
A technique is described for the entrapment of glucose oxidase in a polypyrrole matrix electrochemically deposited on a printed platinum electrode. The enzyme activity incorporated into the polymer was quantified by spectrophotometric assay using a flow-through cell and found to be proportional to the activity in the electropolymerisation medium. Polymer-entrapped glucose oxidase electrodes can be operated as amperometric glucose sensors in the presence or absence of soluble mediators. These electrodes respond rapidly, reaching a steady state within 20–40 s, with the enzymatic response being current limiting. The potential of this new immobilisation technique to the development of biosensors is discussed.