Describe briefly any two processes involved in the cycling of nitrogen in the nature.
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The nitrogen cycle explains the how nitrogen flows between animals, bacteria, plants, the atmosphere, and the soil on earth. The uniqueness of the nitrogen cycle is that nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the earth’s atmosphere, about 78% of all air, but it can’t be directly utilized by the animals and plants unless it is converted into usable compounds.
Its importance is because of its key role in the formation of nucleic and amino acids. It is also an essential part of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the chief energy molecule for living things. For nitrogen to be used by plants and animals, it has to change into various states through the nitrogen cycle.
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the two process are as follows
1.NITROGEN FIXESATION
Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into biological state nitrogen. It is the first process of making nitrogen available for plants. It is defined as an anaerobic (without oxygen) process that catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3).
The process is solely carried out by prokaryotes (bacteria) which have the natural strength to break the triple bond between the nitrogen atoms. These nitrogen-fixing organisms are free-living bacteria whereas others are symbiotic nitrogen fixers. An example of a nitrogen fixer is the Rhizobium bacteria in the roots of legumes (soybeans, peas or clovers).
Other types of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes are extensively distributed in different environments including terrestrial and aquatic settings. A special enzyme known as dinitrogenase is responsible for the fixation process. Once the nitrogen has been reduced to ammonia, the plants can now use it to make other biological compounds through the synthesis of enzymes, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and proteins.
2.NITRIFICATION
Nitrification is the process where the ammonium ions (NH4) are converted into nitrides, first into nitrites (NO2–) then into nitrate (NO3–). Still, this process is done by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The first step is the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, done by microbes termed as ammonia-oxidizers.
The second step is the oxidation of nitrite (NO2–) to nitrate (NO3–). The participating bacteria here are termed as nitrogen-oxidizing bacteria and they include nitrococcus, nitrobacters, and nitrosomonas.
1.NITROGEN FIXESATION
Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into biological state nitrogen. It is the first process of making nitrogen available for plants. It is defined as an anaerobic (without oxygen) process that catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3).
The process is solely carried out by prokaryotes (bacteria) which have the natural strength to break the triple bond between the nitrogen atoms. These nitrogen-fixing organisms are free-living bacteria whereas others are symbiotic nitrogen fixers. An example of a nitrogen fixer is the Rhizobium bacteria in the roots of legumes (soybeans, peas or clovers).
Other types of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes are extensively distributed in different environments including terrestrial and aquatic settings. A special enzyme known as dinitrogenase is responsible for the fixation process. Once the nitrogen has been reduced to ammonia, the plants can now use it to make other biological compounds through the synthesis of enzymes, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and proteins.
2.NITRIFICATION
Nitrification is the process where the ammonium ions (NH4) are converted into nitrides, first into nitrites (NO2–) then into nitrate (NO3–). Still, this process is done by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The first step is the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, done by microbes termed as ammonia-oxidizers.
The second step is the oxidation of nitrite (NO2–) to nitrate (NO3–). The participating bacteria here are termed as nitrogen-oxidizing bacteria and they include nitrococcus, nitrobacters, and nitrosomonas.
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