Question

Describe briefly how the administration was organised in the cholas? ​

Answer 1

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ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴀᴘɪᴛᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀs ᴡᴀs ᴛᴀɴᴊᴏʀᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴇᴍᴘɪʀᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ, ᴘʀᴏᴠɪɴᴄɪᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴄᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ. ᴜᴛᴛᴀʀᴀᴍᴇʀᴜʀ ɪɴsᴄʀɪᴘᴛɪᴏɴs ᴛʜʀᴏᴡs ʟɪɢʜᴛ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀs.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡᴀs ʜᴇᴀᴅᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴋɪɴɢsʜɪᴘ ᴡᴀs ʜᴇʀᴇᴅɪᴛᴀʀʏ ɪɴ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. ᴀs ᴘᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ʀᴏʏᴀʟ ғᴀᴍɪʟʏ ᴛʀᴀᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴅᴇsᴛ sᴏɴ sᴜᴄᴄᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴛʜʀᴏɴᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴇɪʀ ᴀᴘᴘᴀʀᴇɴᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ʏᴜᴠᴀʀᴀᴊᴀ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴛɪɢᴇʀ ᴡᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏʏᴀʟ ᴇᴍʙʟᴇᴍ ᴏғ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴋɪɴɢs. ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ ᴡᴀs ᴀssɪsᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ʜɪs ᴡᴏʀᴋ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴄɪʟ ᴏғ ᴍɪɴɪsᴛᴇʀs. ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏᴡᴇʀ ᴏғғɪᴄɪᴀʟs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ sɪʀᴜɴᴛᴀʀᴀᴍ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴏғғɪᴄɪᴀʟs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴘᴇʀᴜɴᴛᴀʀᴀᴍ.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴡʜᴏʟᴇ ᴇᴍᴘɪʀᴇ ʜᴀᴅ ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ɴɪɴᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪɴᴄᴇs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴍᴀɴᴅᴀʟᴀᴍs. ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪɴᴄᴇ ᴡᴀs ʜᴇᴀᴅᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴠɪᴄᴇʀᴏʏ ᴡʜᴏ ʀᴇᴄᴇɪᴠᴇᴅ ᴏʀᴅᴇʀs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ.

ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴍᴀɴᴅᴀʟᴀᴍ ᴡᴀs ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴋᴏᴛᴛᴀᴍs ᴏʀ ᴠᴀʟᴀɴᴀᴅᴜs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴡᴀs ғᴜʀᴛʜᴇʀ sᴜʙ-ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ɴᴀᴅᴜ. ᴇᴀᴄʜ ɴᴀᴅᴜ ᴡᴀs ғᴜʀᴛʜᴇʀ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴜʀs.

ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅᴇᴅ ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴜᴇ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴ sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴᴄᴏᴍᴇ. 1/6 ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴄᴏʟʟᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴛᴀx. ʙᴇsɪᴅᴇs ʟᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴜᴇ, ᴄᴜsᴛᴏᴍs ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴏʟʟs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ sᴏᴜʀᴄᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴᴄᴏᴍᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴍᴘɪʀᴇ. ᴍᴏʀᴇᴏᴠᴇʀ, ᴛᴀxᴇs ᴏɴ ᴘᴏʀᴛs, ғᴏʀᴇsᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪɴᴇs ᴄᴏɴᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀs ᴘᴏssᴇssᴇᴅ ᴀɴ ᴇғғɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛ ᴀʀᴍʏ ᴀɴᴅ ɴᴀᴠʏ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴍʏ ᴡᴀs ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴏғ 70 ʀᴇɢɪᴍᴇɴᴛs. ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴋɪɴɢs ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʜɪɢʜʟʏ ᴇғғɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛ ᴀʀᴀʙɪᴀɴ ʜᴏʀsᴇs ᴀᴛ ᴀ ᴠᴇʀʏ ʜɪɢʜ ᴘʀɪᴄᴇ.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴋɪɴɢ ᴀᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜɪᴇғ ᴊᴜsᴛɪᴄᴇ, ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀɪᴀʟ ɪɴ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ᴄᴀsᴇs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴜᴄᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ ʜɪᴍsᴇʟғ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪɴᴏʀ ᴅɪsᴘᴜᴛᴇs ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ʜᴇᴀʀᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇ ᴀssᴇᴍʙʟʏ.

ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsᴛ ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀs ᴡᴀs ɴᴀᴅᴜ. ᴇᴀᴄʜ ɴᴀᴅᴜ ᴡᴀs ʜᴇᴀᴅᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ɴᴀᴛᴛᴀʀ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴄɪʟ ᴏғ ɴᴀᴅᴜ ᴡᴀs ɴᴀᴍᴇᴅ ɴᴀᴛᴛᴀᴠᴀɪ. ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsɪʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡᴀs ᴇɴᴛʀᴜsᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇ ᴀssᴇᴍʙʟʏ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ɢʀᴀᴍᴀ sᴀʙʜᴀ, ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏᴡᴇsᴛ ᴜɴɪᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʟᴀ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ɪᴛ ᴡᴀs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴇɴᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ʀᴏᴀᴅs, ᴛᴀɴᴋs, ᴛᴇᴍᴘʟᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄ ᴘᴏɴᴅs. ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇ ᴀssᴇᴍʙʟʏ ᴡᴀs ᴀʟsᴏ ɪɴ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇ ᴏғ ᴘᴀʏᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛᴀxᴇs ᴅᴜᴇ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇs ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢ’s ᴛʀᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇ.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴠɪʟʟᴀɢᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡᴀs ᴄᴀʀʀɪᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ʙʏ ᴠᴀʀɪʏᴀᴍs ᴡʜᴏ ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀʟᴇ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴄɪᴇᴛʏ. ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ᴠᴀʀɪᴀᴍs. ғᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴊᴜsᴛɪᴄᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛᴇʀᴇᴅ ʙʏ ɴɪʏᴀʏᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪʏᴀᴍ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴛᴇᴍᴘʟᴇs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ʟᴏᴏᴋᴇᴅ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅʜᴀʀᴍᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪʏᴀɴ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғɪɴᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴡᴀs ɢɪᴠᴇɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏɴ ᴠᴀʀɪʏᴀᴍ.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Chola Empire was divided into three major administrative units called Central Government, Provincial government and local government. Uttaramerur inscriptions throws light on the administration of the Cholas. The administration was headed by the king. The Chola kingship was hereditary in nature.