Question

Describe briefly the distribution of soil found in india

Answer 1

Different types of soils found in India are :
(i) Alluvial Soil. This is the most widespread soil in India. This soil is formed by the deposition of materials by the rivers namely the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra. It is mainly found in Northern Plains and the Eastern Coastal Plains. It is the most fertile soil. Due to high fertility they are intensively cultivated and are densely populated.
(ii) Black Soil. This soil is black in colour and cotton grows best in this soil. This soil is formed by the weathering of igneous rocks. It is-mainly confined to the north western part of Peninsular Plateau, Deccan lava plateau which includes the states of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, MadhyaPradesh and Chhattisgarh.
(iii) Red and Yellow Soil. Red soil develops on crystalline Igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the Eastern and South Eastern parts of the Deccan plateau. This soil is rich in iron compounds and is reddish in colour due to diffusion while it is yellowish in colour when it occurs in hydrated form.
(iv) Laterite Soil. These soils are formed by intense leaching in tropical regions where both temperature and rainfall is high. This soil is devoid of nutrients and has low humus content and is not suitable for crop cultivation. It is mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam. Through soil conservation techniques, they are useful for growing tea and coffee.
(v) Arid Soils. These soils are sandy and saline in nature. They lack humus and moisture. They can be suitable for crop cultivation where irrigation is available. This soil is mainly found in Rajasthan.

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Answer 2

Answer:

1. Alluvial Soils:

These are formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers. They are rich in humus and very fertile. They are found in Great Northern plain, lower valleys of Narmada and Tapti and Northern Gujarat. These soils are renewed every year.

2. Black Soils:

These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow. It is concentrated over Deccan Lava Tract which includes parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It consists of Lime, Iron, Magnesium and also Potash but lacks in Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Organic matter.

3. Red Soils:

These are derived from weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau. Its redness is due to iron composition. When iron content is lower it is yellow or brown. They cover almost the whole of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and parts of Orissa.

4. Laterite Soils:

These soils are formed due to in­tense leaching and are well developed on the sum­mits of hills and uplands. They are commonly found in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.

5. Mountain Soils:

These soils are formed as a result of the accumulation of organic matter derived from forest growth. They are found in Himalayan region and vary in different regions according to altitude. Tea is grown in those areas which receive sufficient rainfall.

6. Desert Soils:

In the desert regions of Rajasthan, soils are not well developed. As evaporation is in excess of rainfall, the soil has a high salt content and saline layer forms a hard crust. These soils are gen­erally sandy and deficient in organic matter.