describe briefly the mechanism of crossing over with the help of proper diagram and state it's significance.
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Crossing-over is a remarkably precise process. Some kind of cellular machinery takes two huge molecular assemblages (homologous nonsister chromatids), breaks them in the same relative position, and then rejoins them in a new arrangement so that no genetic material is lost or gained in either. The exact molecular mechanism of crossing-over is not known, but several models have been proposed, and there is general agreement that a key step is the formation of heteroduplex DNA, a hybrid type of DNA molecule that is composed of a strand from one parental chromatid and a strand from the other.
Most of the evidence in favor of a heteroduplex model comes from the study of fungal tetrads and octads
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