describe briefly the process of indigo production in 19 century
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Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from the leaves of certain plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare. A large percentage of indigo dye produced today, several thousand tons each year, is synthetic. It is the blue often associated with denim cloth and blue jeans.
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from the leaves of certain plants, and this process was important economically because blue dyes were once rare. A large percentage of indigo dye produced today, several thousand tons each year, is synthetic. It is the blue often associated with denim cloth and blue jeans.Many Asian countries, such as India, Japan, and Southeast Asian nations have used indigo as a dye (particularly silk dye) for centuries. The dye was also known to ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Britain, Mesoamerica, Peru, Iran, and Africa. Indigo was also cultivated in India, which was also the earliest major center for its production and processing.
India was a primary supplier of indigo to Europe as early as the Greco-Roman era. The association of India with indigo is reflected in the Greek word for the dye, indikón.Indigo remained a rare commodity in Europe throughout the Middle Ages. A chemically identical dye derived from the woad plant (Isatis tinctoria) was used instead. In the late 15th century, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovered a sea route to India. This led to the establishment of direct trade with India, the Spice Islands, China, and Japan. Importers could now avoid the heavy duties imposed by Persian, Levantine, and Greek middlemen and the lengthy and dangerous land routes which had previously been used.
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=> ɪɴᴅɪɢᴏ ᴄᴜʟᴛɪᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡᴀs ᴅᴏɴᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ sʏsᴛᴇᴍs ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ‘ɴɪᴊ’ ᴀɴᴅ ‘ʀʏᴏᴛɪ’. ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴡᴀs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ɴɪᴊ ᴄᴜʟᴛɪᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛᴇʀ ɢʀᴇᴡ ɪɴᴅɪɢᴏ ᴏɴʟʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʜᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛʟʏ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟʟᴇᴅ.
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