Question

describe cleansing action of soap why do soap not form lather in hard water​

Answer 1

The cleaning action of soap is described below.

Explanation:

• Soap is the compound which is amphiphillic in nature.

• It has one end hydrophilic where there are inorganic part.

• The other end is hydrophobic formed of the organic fatty acid tail.

• Both these parts help to form micelles where dirt is captivated inside by the soap and cleaned.

• But only fatty acid salts of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are soap.

• The fatty acid salts of calcium and magnesium aren't soap.

• They are found in hard water when the soap is mixed in hard water.

• So no lather is formed.

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Answer 2

*Cleansing action of soap :-

- Soap has two parts, one hydrophobic (non polar hydrocarbon tail) and one hydrophilic part (polar head).

- When soap is mixed in water, its hydrophobic tails attach themselves to dirt and the hydrophilic head remains in the water.

-The molecules of soap arrange themselves in micelle formation in such a manner that they trap the dirt at the centre of it.

- Thus, these dust particles remain trapped in the micelles (which are suspended).

- When the cloth is rinsed with water, the micelles flow away taking the dirt with them and cleaning the cloth

*Soap does not form lather in hard water because when soap is added to hard water, then Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions present in hard water replaces Na⁺ (or K⁺) ions in the soap (sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids) and gets precipitated

- Hence lather formation does not take place in it.