DESCRIBE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MANURE.........☺☺☺☺
Answers
Manure :-
------------------------------------------------------
Like other plants, crop plants obtain their mineral nutrients from the soil, continuous growing of crop in the field causes deficiency of minerals nutrients in the soil. So, the Manure is added to the soil to make up the deficiency of minerals nutrients, this process is called manuring. Manure is made of waste products of animals and plants such as cow dung, urine, plant wastes , night soil & some organic wastes.
★ Manures are not soluble in water. so, they are not easily absorbed by the roots of the plants.
★ These are organic substances.
★ They are not nutrient specific.
★ They are bulky and hence difficult to store and transport.
★ Excessive use does not harm the soil texture, they provide humus to the soil.
★ They restore the soil texture and help in water retention.
Manures types :-
--------------------------------------------------------
Manures are of three types :-
» Animal Manure:- It's consists of animals wastes like dung, excreta .
» Human Manure:- It's consists of Human wastes such as Urine .
» Green Manure :- It's consists of plants wastes .
------------------------------------------------------
HOPE IT WILL HELP YOU
PLEASE MARK IT AS BRAINLIEST
------------------------------------------------------
Answer:
asalamualikum
Explanation:
Manures are plant and animal wastes that are used as sources of plant nutrients. They release nutrients after their decomposition. The art of collecting and using wastes from animal, human and vegetable sources for improving crop productivity is as old as agriculture. Manures are the organic materials derived from animal, human and plant residues which contain plant nutrients in complex organic forms. Naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals containing plant nutrients are called fertilizers. Manures with low nutrient, content per unit quantity have longer residual effect besides improving soil physical properties compared to fertilizer with high nutrient content. Major sources of manures are:
Cattle shed wastes-dung, urine and slurry from biogas plants
Human habitation wastes-night soil, human urine, town refuse, sewage, sludge and sullage
Poultry Jitter, droppings of sheep and goat
Slaughterhouse wastes-bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, horn and hoof meal, Fish wastes
Byproducts of agro industries-oil cakes, bagasse and press mud, fruit and vegetable processing wastes etc
Crop wastes-sugarcane trash, stubbles and other related material
Water hyacinth, weeds and tank silt, and
Green manure crops and green leaf manuring material
Manures can also be grouped, into bulky organic manures and concentrated organic manures based on concentration of the nutrients.
Bulky organic manures
Bulky organic manures contain small percentage of nutrients and they are applied in large quantities. Farmyard manure (FYM), compost and green-manure are the most important and widely used bulky organic manures. Use of bulky organic manures has several advantages:
They supply plant nutrients including micronutrients
They improve soil physical properties like structure, water holding capacity etc.,
They increase the availability of nutrients
Carbon dioxide released during decomposition acts as a CO2 fertilizer and
Plant parasitic nematodes and fungi are controlled to some extent by altering the balance of microorganisms in the soil.
Farmyard manure
Farmyard manure refers to the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals along with litter and left over material from roughages or fodder fed to the cattle. On an average well decomposed farmyard manure contains 0.5 per cent N, 0.2 per cent P2O5and .0.5 per cent K2O.The present method of preparing farmyard manure by the farmers is defective. Urine, which is wasted, contains one per cent nitrogen and 1.35 per cent potassium. Nitrogen present in urine is mostly in the form of urea which is subjected to volatilization losses. Even during storage, nutrients are lost due to leaching and volatilization. However, it is practically impossible to avoid losses altogether, but can be reduced by following improved method of preparation of farmyard manure. Trenches of size 6 m to 7.5 m length, 1.5 m to 2.0 m width and 1.0 m deep are dug.
All available litter and refuse is mixed with soil and spread in the shed so as to absorb urine. The next morning, urine soaked refuse along with dung is collected and placed in the trench. A section of the trench from one end should be taken up for filling with daily collection. When the section is filled up to a height of 45 cm to 60 cm above the ground level, the top of the heap is made into a dome and plastered with cow dung earth slurry. The process is continued and when the first trench is completely filled, second trench is prepared.
The manure becomes ready for use in about four to five months after plastering. If urine is not collected in the bedding, it can be collected along with washings of the cattle shed in a cemented pit from which it is later added to the farmyard manure pit. Chemical preservatives can also be used to reduce losses and enrich farmyard manure. The commonly used chemicals are gypsum and superphosphate. Gypsum is spread in the cattle shed which absorbs urine and prevents volatilization loss of urea present in the urine and also adds calcium and sulphur. Superphosphate also acts similarly in reducing losses and also increases phosphorus content.
Partially rotten farmyard manure has to be applied three to four weeks before sowing while well rotten manure can be applied immediately before sowing. Generally 10 to 20 t/ha is applied, but more than 20 t/ha is applied to fodder grasses and vegetables. In such cases farmyard manure should be applied at least 15 days in advance to avoid immobilization of nitrogen. The existing practice of leaving manure in small heaps scattered in the field for a very long period leads toloss of nutrients. These losses can be reduced by spreading the manure and incorporating by ploughing immediately after application.
hope it hlps uh...