Describe divisions of northern plain on the basis of variations in relief features
Answers
1. Bhabar:
Bhabar is a long narrow plain along the foothills. It is a pebble studded zone of porous beds. It is 8- 16 km wide. Streams are lost in this region due to porous rocks. It is unsuitable for agriculture.
2. Terai:
Tarai is a broad long zone south of the Bhabar plain. It is a Marshy damp area covered with thick forests. It is 20 - 30 km wide. Many streams re emerge here from the Bhabar area. It is suitable for agriculture.
3. Khadar:
Khadar refers to new alluvium or new soil. It contains fine soil particles. These are renewed every year and hence are very fertile and is ideal for intensive agriculture. It is light in colour.
5. Bhangar:
Bhangar refers to Old alluvium or old soil. It contains coarse soil particles. A large part of the northern plains are made up of this type of soil and hence is very fertile. Bhangar soil is dark in colour.
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Answer:
(i) Bhabar: The rivers after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. This is known as Bhabar.
(ii) Terai: To the south of Bhabar belt, the rivers and stream re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region known as the Terai. This was a thickly forested area but was later on cleared for cultivation.
(iii) Bhangar: The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace-like feature. The soil in this region contains kankar modules in them. This part is known as bhangar.
(iv) Khadar: The newer younger deposits of the floodplains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every year and are therefore fertile. They are ideal for cultivation.
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