Question

Describe earth's Mantle


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Answer 1

Answer:

its volume on the earth is 15 percent.

it is the thickest layer of the earth.

Answer 2

Earth's mantle plays an important role in the evolution of the crust and provides the thermal and mechanical driving forces for plate tectonics. Heat liberated by the core is transferred into the mantle where most of it (>90%) is convected through the mantle to the base of the lithosphere. The remainder may be transferred upward by mantle plumes generated in the core–mantle boundary layer. The mantle is also the graveyard for descending lithospheric slabs, and the fate of these slabs in the mantle is the subject of ongoing discussion and controversy. Do they partially collect at the 660-km discontinuity in the upper mantle or do they descend to the bottom of the mantle? Does what happens to these slabs control convection in the mantle? If they do not penetrate the 660-km discontinuity, the upper mantle may convect separately from the lower mantle, whereas if they sink to the base of the mantle, whole-mantle convection is probable. A related question is whether mantle plumes exist, and if they exist, how and where are they generated and what role do they play in mantle-crust evolution?

Another exciting mantle topic is that of the origin and growth of the lithosphere and if its role in plate tectonics has changed with time. The Archean continental lithosphere, for instance, is considerably thicker than post-Archean continental lithosphere, and geochemical data from xenoliths suggest it had quite a different origin. Still another hot topic is the origin of isotopic differences in basalts, which reflect different compositions and ages of mantle sources. How did these sources form and survive for billions of years in a convecting mantle? These are some of the questions we will address in this chapter.

got from text book .

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