Question

describe election system in india ?

Answer 1

INDIAN SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS

1. Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) elections are held after every five years.
2. After every five years, the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha representatives office term comes to an end.
3. The Lok Sabha or Vidhan Sabha stands dissolved.
4. Elections in a constituency are held at the same time either on the same day or within few days. This is called general elections.
5. Sometimes elections are held only in one constituency to fill a vacancy caused due to the death or resignation of a member. This is called by-elections.

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Answer 2

   Elections are held for the members of Lok sabha every five years, or when the house is dissolved.  Also the elections for the Legislative assembly in all states and UTs are held every 5 years or when the assembly is dissolved. These elections are done by direct voting by the Indian citizens who have voting rights. Every citizen above 18 years of age can vote.

  The elections to the Rajya sabha or legislative councils in the states or UTs (Union Territories) are held periodically every two years. This is done by indirect voting.  This follows a special process that involves the members of legislative assembly to elect Rajya sabha members. Some MPs are appointed by the President of India.  Some MLCs are appointed by the Governor. The voter list of MLCs is restricted and specialized.

   Chief election commissioner (s) of the Election commission order, conduct, supervise the elections in India.  EC also organizes counting and announcement of results to the public, media and to the Governor (in states) or to the President (for parliament elections).

   EC also proposes a code of conduct for the candidates. The candidates have to file their nomination papers along with their statements of income, property details and other mandatory details.  They also need to make a monetary deposit too.  Then their details are verified and candidature is permitted. The candidates with criminal background are not permitted.  Candidates can belong to a political party or can file candidature as an independent candidate too.  If they belong to a party, then the party officials have to support their candidature.

   Candidates can compete in elections in any number of constituencies. The names and the election symbols of the candidates are printed on ballot papers.  Or, they are displayed as options on EVMs (electronic voting machines).

   The voting by citizens in one constituency is held on one particular day only. The timings are usually from 7 am to 5pm.  Government employees are taken in as returning officers to manage polling booths. People with identification cards (and/ or voter cards) can go to their designated polling booth and then vote there. Their fingers are marked with inerasable ink to indicate that they have voted already.  For some government employees and for other deserving persons, who cannot be in their own constituency on the day of election, postal ballots are permitted. So they vote through postal ballots.

  After the elections are over, the ballot boxes and EVMs are all sealed carefully and are brought to the EC offices or to preplanned locations. Then the counting starts, with postal ballots being counted first. The candidates who get highest votes win the election. Candidates have to get a minimum number of votes. Otherwise, they will lose their deposits.  In case the margin is very narrow between the winner and the next one, counting may be done again.  During the counting process representatives of the candidates are also present in order to ensure that the legal process is being complied with.

  The code of conduct if violated by the candidates, can result in the cancellation of the candidature or election of the candidate.

   Further, certain constituencies (assembly or parliament) are reserved for BCs, SCs, and STs. In those , only candidates belonging to those castes can compete. In the constituencies reserved for women, only women can compete.

   The candidates start campaigning and canvassing after they publish their brochures, agenda and manifestos. They have to follow the code of conduct. Canvassing cannot be done using threats, bribes, government machinery, public money, and by use of religion or cate feelings.

   Bi-elections are held in one constituency if the sitting MP or MLA resigns or is dead. An election in a constituency is postponed if a candidate is dead during the process. Further, if there occur capturing of booths or violence interrupting fair polling, then the polling in those affected booths could be reconducted later on.  Counting will take place only after all booths complete voting.

   The state police will take care of security and safety and good conduct of elections. They offer security to VIPs too. EC will register complaints and can review election process as well as reconduct elections if necessary.

   The high court and supreme court can take up cases related to elections, in case any candidates complain or file cases.  The election process is done according to the written constitution of India.