Question

Describe five main features of the criminal tribe and introduce by the colonial government in india

Answer 1

[1] [i] Under the Criminal Tribes Act, many communities of craftsmen, traders and pastoralists were classified as Criminal Tribes.
[ii] They were stated to be criminal by nature and birth. These communities were asked to stay in a notified village settlement.

[2] [i] This act prevented the pastoralists from moving in search of pastures.
[ii] Due to restriction on movement, they had to use the locally available pastures continuously, so the quality of pastures declined.
[iii] This led to shortage of forage for animals and deterioration of animal stock.
[iv] Underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines. All this made the life of pastoralists miserable.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The Act includes a series of laws passed by the British government starting from the 1870s to declare some tribes and nomadic communities of India as ‘born criminals'.

Explanation:

Some of the salient features of this Act-

• It allowed close supervision and control over the mobility of the tribes which were notified by the provincial governments.

• It gave sweeping powers to the local administration and village elites to decide on their discretion who should be subjected to the law and how to enforce punishments.

• It gave wide powers to the police to arrest, control, and monitor the movements of such tribal communities.

• These communities had to undergo compulsory registration and obtain passes for movement.

• They were arrested without any intimation or valid reason and were mostly suspected of the crimes that took place in the vicinity.

The British wanted to have control over the forests to cater to their demand for resources for meeting the needs of World Wars and these forest-dwelling tribes proved to be a hurdle because they resisted the British actions.

The British assumed that India was a lawless state and desired to regulate the diverse Indian society through such laws.

However, the real intention was the need for colonial administrators to have people settle down in one place to facilitate taxation and control.

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